Question

Срочно!!!! Чем отличается Буддизм, Христианство, Ислам, от национальных религий

Answer 1

Мировая религия — религиозное течение, распространившееся среди народов различных стран и континентов, т. е. всемирная религия. В настоящий момент этим термином обозначаются только три течения (приведены в порядке численности последователей) :  

 

1. христианство  

2. ислам  

3. буддизм  

 

Иудаизм, индуизм, конфуцианство, несмотря на большую численность своих последователей, являются национальными религиями.  

 

Критерии  

 

Чтобы религия считалась мировой, она должна удовлетворять следующим критериям, предложенным ЮНЕСКО :  

 

* объединение крупной общности людей  

* наличие последователей во многих странах и среди различных народов  

 

В советской науке под мировыми религиями обычно понимались буддизм, христианство и ислам (указаны в порядке древности) . Кроме того, использовались дополнительные критерии, которые отсекали ряд религий:  

 

* мировая религия не может служить признаком национальной идентичности  

* должна быть сложена достаточно четкая философская школа, со сходными течениями  

* наличие влияния на ход развития мировой истории, мирового искусство и пр. , при этом культура мировой религии не должна быть абсолютно одинаковой во всех регионах.  

 

А Национальные религии - религии, распространенные в пределах одного государства или имеющие последователей преимущественно среди представителей одной нации.

Answer 2

Differences Between Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and National Religions

Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and national religions are distinct belief systems with unique characteristics. Here are some key differences between them:

Buddhism: - Buddhism originated in the 5th century BCE in ancient India and was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha. - Buddhism focuses on the teachings of the Buddha, who sought to understand the nature of suffering and the path to enlightenment. - The ultimate goal in Buddhism is to achieve enlightenment and liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). - Buddhism does not worship a personal deity but emphasizes self-discipline, meditation, and ethical conduct. - Buddhist teachings emphasize the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path as a means to attain enlightenment. - Buddhist practices vary across different traditions, including Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana.

Christianity: - Christianity originated in the 1st century CE in the Middle East and is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. - Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity, and they follow his teachings as recorded in the Bible. - The central belief in Christianity is that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ and his sacrifice on the cross. - Christians worship one God who exists in three persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. - Christian practices include prayer, worship, sacraments (such as baptism and communion), and participation in a community of believers. - Christianity has various denominations, including Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy, each with its own traditions and practices.

Islam: - Islam originated in the 7th century CE in the Arabian Peninsula and was founded by the Prophet Muhammad. - Muslims believe that Muhammad received revelations from God (Allah) through the angel Gabriel, which are recorded in the Quran. - The central belief in Islam is the oneness of God (Allah) and the acceptance of Muhammad as the final prophet. - Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islam, which include the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salat), fasting during Ramadan (sawm), giving to charity (zakat), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). - Islamic worship takes place in mosques, and Muslims pray five times a day facing Mecca. - Islam has two major branches: Sunni and Shia, with some differences in beliefs and practices.

National Religions: - National religions refer to the indigenous or traditional belief systems of specific cultures or nations. - These religions are often deeply rooted in the history, culture, and traditions of a particular region or ethnic group. - National religions vary widely in their beliefs, practices, and rituals, as they reflect the unique cultural and spiritual heritage of a specific community. - Examples of national religions include Shinto in Japan, Hinduism in India, and various indigenous religions found in different parts of the world. - National religions often incorporate elements of animism, ancestor worship, and reverence for nature.

It's important to note that the information provided above is a general overview, and there may be variations and nuances within each religious tradition. For a more comprehensive understanding, it is recommended to explore specific sources and engage in further study.