Question

Задание 13 выполняется с использованием текста, приведённого ниже. 13. 13 марта 2010 г. возле восточного побережья о. Хонсю в Японии произошло землетрясение магнитудой 5,8. Эпицентр подземных толчков находился в 71 км к северо-востоку от города Иваки. В результате землетрясения никто не пострадал. 14 марта 2010 г. в 11 ч. 30 мин. на о. Хонсю вновь произошло сильное землетрясение. Магнитуда землетрясения, по оценкам сейсмологов, достигала 6,6. Сообщений о разрушениях, жертвах и пострадавших не поступало. Почему в Японии часто происходят землетрясения?

Answer 1

Из-за внезапных разрывов земной коры со смещением литосферних плит.

Answer 2

Why do earthquakes frequently occur in Japan?

Japan is located in a region known as the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is an area of high seismic activity. This region is characterized by a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Pacific Ring of Fire is formed by the movement and interaction of several tectonic plates, including the Pacific Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate, and the Eurasian Plate. The subduction of these plates creates intense geological activity, resulting in frequent earthquakes in Japan [[1]].

One of the main reasons for the high frequency of earthquakes in Japan is its position along the Pacific Plate boundary. The Pacific Plate is moving northwestward and is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate at the Japan Trench. This subduction zone is responsible for the formation of deep ocean trenches and the generation of powerful earthquakes. The subduction process causes the accumulation of stress along the plate boundary, which is eventually released in the form of earthquakes [[2]].

Another factor contributing to the frequency of earthquakes in Japan is the presence of numerous active faults within the country. Japan is crisscrossed by several major fault lines, including the Japan Median Tectonic Line, the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, and the Nankai Trough. These faults are the result of complex interactions between different tectonic plates and are responsible for a significant number of earthquakes in the country [[3]].

Furthermore, Japan's geology and topography also play a role in the occurrence of earthquakes. The country is situated on the junction of several microplates, which leads to a high degree of crustal deformation and seismic activity. Additionally, Japan's mountainous terrain and the presence of soft sedimentary layers amplify the shaking caused by earthquakes, increasing the potential for damage [[4]].

In conclusion, the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in Japan can be attributed to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire, the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate, the presence of active faults, and the country's geology and topography. These factors combine to create a highly seismically active region.