Question

Пожалуйста, очень нужно! Укажіть причини економічного відставання східних земель Німеччини.

Answer 1

Ответ:

У XVIII ст. Німеччина залишалася феодальною і економічно відсталою. На відміну від Голландії, Англії і навіть Франції, активно стали на шлях ринкового господарства, Німеччина, особливо її східна частина, характеризувалася відродженням, свого роду посиленням кріпацтва. Великих масштабів досягли феодальна експропріація землі, панщина. Втративши землі, селяни переходили в розряд дворових і працювали на феодала лише за їжу.

Серед причин загального економічного ослаблення країни - втрата Німеччиною позицій великого центру світової торгівлі. У результаті Великих географічних відкриттів він перемістився до Атлантики. Прийняти ж вагому участь у вишукуванні зовнішніх джерел первісного нагромадження капіталу, у захопленні колоній Німеччина була не в змозі через свою політичної роздробленості.

Answer 2

Economic Backwardness of Eastern Lands in Germany

The economic backwardness of the eastern lands in Germany can be attributed to several factors. Here are some key reasons:

1. Historical Factors: The historical division of Germany after World War II played a significant role in the economic disparity between the eastern and western parts of the country. The eastern lands, which were under Soviet control, experienced a different economic system and development trajectory compared to the western lands, which were influenced by Western capitalism and received significant aid through the Marshall Plan.

2. Socialist Economic System: The eastern lands of Germany, known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR) or East Germany, adopted a centrally planned socialist economic system. This system, characterized by state ownership of industries and central control over resource allocation, often led to inefficiencies, lack of innovation, and limited economic growth compared to market-based economies.

3. Lack of Investment: The eastern lands of Germany received less investment compared to the western lands. This disparity in investment was partly due to the political division of the country during the Cold War and the prioritization of resources towards the development of West Germany. As a result, infrastructure, industries, and technology in the eastern lands lagged behind their western counterparts.

4. Brain Drain: The eastern lands experienced a significant brain drain, with many skilled professionals and educated individuals leaving for better economic opportunities in the West. This brain drain further contributed to the economic stagnation and underdevelopment of the eastern lands.

5. Environmental Degradation: The industrial activities in the eastern lands, particularly in sectors like mining and heavy industry, often had negative environmental impacts. This led to environmental degradation, which further hindered economic development and required additional resources for environmental remediation.

It is important to note that these factors are not exhaustive, and other historical, political, and social factors also played a role in the economic backwardness of the eastern lands in Germany.