Question

Чем были вызваны демографические кризисы в россии каковы были людские потери в каждый период ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Демографический кризис-это нарушение смены поколений в результате кардинальных изменений в стране (война,голод,революция,экология).

В России было несколько таких демографических кризисов.

1 Во времена Первой Мировой войны,Октябрьской революции.Это происходило в 1914-1922 гг.Потери составили около 15 млн.чел.

2 Репрессии,выселения,голодомор.1929-1934 гг.Потери около 6 млн.чел.

3 Вторая Мировая война.1940-1945 гг.Потери 25 млн.чел.

4 Экономический кризис.1990-е и по нынешний день.Без существенных потерь.

Answer 2

Demographic Crises in Russia and Human Losses

Demographic crises in Russia have been caused by various factors throughout history. These crises have resulted in significant human losses during each period. Let's explore these factors and the corresponding human losses in each period.

1. Period: Pre-Revolutionary Russia

During the pre-revolutionary period in Russia, several factors contributed to demographic crises and human losses. These factors include:

- Famines: Russia experienced several famines during this period, such as the Great Famine of 1891-1892 and the famine of 1921-1922. These famines resulted in widespread starvation and significant human losses. - Epidemics: Epidemics, such as cholera and typhus, were prevalent during this time and caused a considerable number of deaths. - Wars and Conflicts: Russia was involved in various wars and conflicts, including the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and World War I (1914-1918). These wars led to significant casualties and human losses.

2. Period: Soviet Era

During the Soviet era, Russia faced additional demographic crises and human losses. Some of the key factors contributing to these crises include:

- World War II: The Soviet Union, including Russia, suffered immense human losses during World War II. It is estimated that the Soviet Union lost around 26 million people, including both military personnel and civilians. - Stalinist Repression: The policies of Joseph Stalin, including forced collectivization and purges, resulted in significant human losses. The exact number of casualties is difficult to determine, but estimates range from several million to tens of millions. - Famines: The Soviet Union experienced several famines during this period, such as the Holodomor in Ukraine (1932-1933) and the famine in Kazakhstan (1932-1933). These famines caused substantial human losses.

3. Post-Soviet Era

In the post-Soviet era, Russia faced demographic challenges and human losses due to various factors. Some of these factors include:

- Economic Transition: The transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy in the 1990s led to economic instability and social hardships. This period was marked by a decline in life expectancy and an increase in mortality rates, particularly among working-age males. - Healthcare System Challenges: The Russian healthcare system has faced challenges, including inadequate funding and infrastructure, which have contributed to health issues and human losses. - COVID-19 Pandemic: Like many countries, Russia has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the current operating time, the exact human losses due to COVID-19 in Russia are not available. However, the pandemic has had a significant impact on public health and mortality rates worldwide.

It is important to note that the human losses mentioned in each period are approximate figures and can vary depending on different sources and estimations.

I hope this provides a comprehensive overview of the demographic crises in Russia and the corresponding human losses in each period. Let me know if you have any further questions!