Question

Переведите текст, нужен нормальный перевод !!! Academic life at the university 1. Academic life in the United States may be confusing. International students often comment that U.S. students are competitive but do not seem to study very hard. Or it may seem puzzling that although there is great informality in the classroom, the professors are very demanding. Some of these apparent contradictions can be explained in terms of their underlying values. Creativity, tolerance and flexibility are, in general, valued above tradition and respect for authority in the United States. Teaching styles and classroom activities vary widely and are influenced by many factors. Even where tradition does dictate academic behavior, the patterns may not be evident to someone coming from a different tradition. 2. International students are often surprised at the variety of available courses and the number of choices they must make each term. There is a basic structure to any degree program, but many options usually exist as well, and students are often expected to make selections independently. 3. Your professor or instructor has wide discretion to make and enforce certain classroom policies relating to attendance, make-up examinations, and other issues. Underpinning this discretion is the strong American tradition of academic freedom. 4. There are some American students’ behaviors that you may find surprising or that would be considered disrespectful in your country. For example, students may sit in class with there feet on the chair or desk in front of them. They may eat, drink, or even sleep in class! Students may interrupt lectures to ask questions or even to raise questions to what is being said. In general, none of these behaviors denotes disrespect unless done in a belligerent or aggressive manner. In fact, one way in which an American student shows respect for his or her teacher is by being an active participant in class.

Answer 1

Academic life at the university
1. Academic life in the United States may be confusing. International students often comment that U.S. students are competitive but do not seem to study very hard. Or it may seem puzzling that although there is great informality in the classroom, the professors are very demanding. Some of these apparent contradictions can be explained in terms of their underlying values. Creativity, tolerance and flexibility are, in general, valued above tradition and respect for authority in the United States. Teaching styles and classroom activities vary widely and are influenced by many factors. Even where tradition does dictate academic behavior, the patterns may not be evident to someone coming from a different tradition. Учебная жизнь в США может быть не очень понятной. Иностранные студенты часто говорят, что американцы конкурентноспособны (хорошо учатся), но не похоже, чтобы они слишком много занимались. Или же, может озадачить тот факт, что, несмотря на крайне неформальную обстановку в аудитории, профессора очень требовательны. Некоторые из этих явных противоречий можно объяснить с точки зрения основных ценностей. Креативность, толерантность и гибкость мышления в целом всегда ценились в США больше чем традиции и уважение к вышестоящим. Стили преподавания и виды учебной деятельности очень многообразны и зависят от многих факторов. Даже там, где традиции диктуют «правильное» поведение, эти правила могут быть не очевидны для того, кто вырос совсем в других традициях.
2. International students are often surprised at the variety of available courses and the number of choices they must make each term. There is a basic structure to any degree program, but many options usually exist as well, and students are often expected to make selections independently.Студенты из других стран часто удивляются многообразию предлагаемых курсов  и  количеству решений по их выбору, которые ребята должны принимать каждый семестр. Для каждой дипломной программы есть базовые курсы, однако обычно существует также много курсов по выбору, и предполагается, что студенты будут определяться самостоятельно.
3. Your professor or instructor has wide discretion to make and enforce certain classroom policies relating to attendance, make-up examinations, and other issues. Underpinning this discretion is the strong American tradition of academic freedom. Ваш профессор или преподаватель (руководитель) имеет широкие полномочия и может на свое усмотрение устанавливать правила работы в аудитории, касающиеся посещения, пересдачи экзаменов и других вопросов. Соблюдение этого права является основной традицией (краеугольным камнем) американской свободы преподавания.
4. There are some American students’ behaviors that you may find surprising or that would be considered disrespectful in your country. For example, students may sit in class with their feet on the chair or desk in front of them. They may eat, drink, or even sleep in class! Students may interrupt lectures to ask questions or even to raise questions to what is being said. In general, none of these behaviors denotes disrespect unless done in a belligerent or aggressive manner. In fact, one way in which an American student shows respect for his or her teacher is by being an active participant in class.В некоторых случаях вы можете быть удивлены поведением американских студентов, либо в вашей стране оно может считаться неуважительным. Например, студентам позволено сидеть в аудитории, положив ноги на стул или парту перед собой. Им разрешено есть, пить и даже спать на занятии! Студенты вправе перебить лектора, задав вопрос, или даже начать обсуждение сказанного. В целом, ничто из вышеперечисленного не выражает неуважения, если только это не делается вызывающе или агрессивно. На самом деле, для американских студентов одна из возможностей продемонстрировать уважение своему преподавателю – это активно участвовать в занятии.

Answer 2

Academic life at universities in the United States can sometimes be confusing for international students. They may notice that U.S. students are competitive but don't seem to study as hard as expected. Additionally, the informality in the classroom might contrast with the high expectations set by professors.

These apparent contradictions can be explained by the underlying values in the United States. Creativity, tolerance, and flexibility are generally valued above tradition and respect for authority. This can influence teaching styles and classroom activities, which can vary greatly. Even when tradition does dictate academic behavior, it may not be immediately evident to someone coming from a different educational background.

International students are often surprised by the variety of courses available and the number of choices they have to make each term. While there is a basic structure to degree programs, there are usually many options for elective courses. Students are expected to make these selections independently.

Another aspect that may differ from students' home countries is the wide discretion given to professors and instructors. They have the authority to make and enforce classroom policies regarding attendance, make-up examinations, and other issues. This discretion is supported by the strong tradition of academic freedom in the United States.

There may also be certain behaviors among American students that international students find surprising or disrespectful. For example, students may sit in class with their feet on the chair or desk in front of them, eat or drink during class, or even sleep. It's important to note that these behaviors are not necessarily seen as disrespectful unless they are done in a belligerent or aggressive manner. In fact, active participation in class, including asking questions or raising concerns, is often seen as a way for American students to show respect for their teachers.

Overall, academic life in the United States can be different from what international students are accustomed to. Understanding the values, teaching styles, and classroom expectations can help international students adapt and succeed in their academic journey.