Question

Срочно!Помогите пожалуйста!!! нужен перевод 1 и 3 абзацы ( не по переводчику) . + ответить на вопросы.PUBLIC BEHAVIOR IN THE UNITED KINGDOM1. Britons, and the English in particular, are notoriously undemonstrative. The “stuff upper lip” is not just the stuff of fiction and emotional displays, positive or negative, are generally frowned upon. Gestures such as backslapping and hugging are discouraged and a wide distance should be maintained between participants in a conversation. Maintaining eye contact may be necessary when you are trying to emphasize important points but you must avoid any temptation to “eye-ball”. Talking loudly is unacceptable and shouting is beyond the pale. Some old-fashioned interlocutors may not hear you if you have your hands in your pockets. The British do not gesticulate frantically.2. Introductions can be tricky.Ideally the British prefer third-party introductions but in certain situations, like a drinks party, it may not always be possible and, though awkward, you may just have to go ahead and introduce yourself. Firm handshakes are the norm as part of a formal introduction but may not be expected at subsequent meetings or on social occasions; a gentleman should always wait for a woman to proffer her hand before squeezing it gently. The continental habit of exchanging kisses has gained currency especially amongst the young and the affected but is not recommended for visitors – even the natives are unsure of the correct procedure.3. “How do you do?” is a greeting not a question. It is used when people are introduced for the first time only and the correct response is to repeat “How do you do?” which is a more or less sincere enquiry as to your well-being.4. This emotional detachment or even apparent indifference also explains the British abhorrence of Americanisms such as “Have a nice day”. The objection lies not in the sentiment itself but in the lack of sincerity that is implied to the stand-offish British mentality.5. If the British use few words, it is because they prefer to mean those they do use. They are polite and courteous for the most part. They expect to be treated with respect, in turn for which they will treat you with respect, so: – if there is a queue, go to the back of the line and wait patiently; - do not use the “V” – sign (raising the index and middle fingers) unless you are sure which is the Churchillian version signifying peace or victory (palm outwards); the use of the alternative version (palm inwards) is less common nowadays but is still vulgar and offensive.6. A service charge of 10-15 % is almost always included in hotel and restaurant bills and you should be wary of establishments that leave the credit card slip open for you to include an additional contribution (if you wish to reward exceptional service give cash directly to the staff). Do not tip bar staff in pubs where there is no table service. Otherwise taxi drivers (especially in London), hairdressers, porters, etc. will expect 10-15 % or a couple of pounds, whichever is the greater.IV. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:1. What kind of people are Britons?2. What kind of introductions do the British prefer?3. What does “How do you do?” mean in Britain?4. What are the norms of public behaviour in Britain?

Answer 1

1) Britons  are notoriously undemonstrative.

2) the British prefer third-party introductions.

3) “How do you do?” is a greeting.

4)A service charge  is almost always included in hotel and restaurant bills and you should be wary of establishments that leave the credit card slip open for you to include an additional contribution .

Answer 2

1.Британцы и англичане ,в частности, как известно, сдержанные."Материал верхней губе" не только материал, из художественной литературы и эмоциональных проявлений, положительный или отрицательный, как правило, с неодобрением. Жесты, такие как панибратства и обньятия не приветствуются и расстояние должно поддерживаться между участниками беседы. Поддержание зрительного контакта может быть необходимым, когда вы пытаетесь, чтобы подчеркнуть важные моменты, но вы должны избегать искушения "глазного яблока". Неприемлимо говорить горомко и кричать. Некоторые пожилые люди могут не слушать вас(не разговаривать с вами),если у вас есть руки в карманах. Британцы не жестикулируют.

 

3."Как поживаете?" Это приветствие,а не вопрос. Он используется, когда люди встреаются впервые  иправильно будт сказать  "Как поживаете?".Это является более или менее искренние вопрос относительно вашего благополучия. Эмоциональную отстраненность и даже видимое равнодушие также объясняет британское отвращение к американизму, например: "Хорошего дня". Возражение заключается не в себе, а в отсутствии искренности,что подразумевается издержками британского менталитета..

Вопросы просто поищи в самом тексте.Найдешь быстро.Они звучат так:

1.Какие люди британцы?
2. Какое поедение предпоитают британцы?
3. Что значит "Как поживаете?"  в Британии?
4. Каковы нормы общественного поведения в Британии?

Answer 3

Public Behavior in the United Kingdom

1. Britons, and the English in particular, are notoriously undemonstrative. Emotional displays, whether positive or negative, are generally frowned upon. Gestures such as backslapping and hugging are discouraged, and a wide distance should be maintained between participants in a conversation. Maintaining eye contact may be necessary when emphasizing important points, but any temptation to "eye-ball" should be avoided. Talking loudly is unacceptable, and shouting is beyond the pale. The British do not gesticulate frantically.

2. Introductions can be tricky in the United Kingdom. Ideally, the British prefer third-party introductions, but in certain situations, like a drinks party, it may not always be possible, and you may have to introduce yourself. Firm handshakes are the norm as part of a formal introduction, but they may not be expected at subsequent meetings or on social occasions. The continental habit of exchanging kisses has gained currency, especially among the young and affected, but it is not recommended for visitors.

3. "How do you do?" is a greeting, not a question. It is used when people are introduced for the first time only, and the correct response is to repeat "How do you do?" which is a more or less sincere inquiry about your well-being.

4. The British abhor Americanisms such as "Have a nice day" because they perceive them as lacking sincerity and being inconsistent with the British mentality of emotional detachment or apparent indifference.

5. The British use few words because they prefer to mean those they do use. They are polite and courteous for the most part. They expect to be treated with respect, and in turn, they will treat you with respect. It is important to follow certain etiquette, such as waiting patiently in a queue and avoiding the use of the "V" sign (raising the index and middle fingers) unless you are sure of the intended meaning.

6. In the United Kingdom, a service charge of 10-15% is almost always included in hotel and restaurant bills. It is important to be wary of establishments that leave the credit card slip open for an additional contribution. Tipping practices vary, but taxi drivers, hairdressers, porters, etc., generally expect a tip of 10-15% or a couple of pounds, whichever is greater.

Questions:

1. What kind of behavior is typical of Britons, especially the English? 2. What is the recommended way to introduce oneself in the United Kingdom? 3. What is the meaning of the greeting "How do you do?"? 4. Why do the British dislike Americanisms like "Have a nice day"? 5. How do the British prefer to communicate? 6. What is the general practice for tipping in the United Kingdom?