Question

Переведите весь текст. Free market "Free market" is a summary term for an array of exchanges that take place in society. Each exchange is undertaken as a voluntary agreement between two people or between groups of people represented by agents. These two individuals (or agents) exchange two economic goods, either tangible commodities or nontangible services. Thus, when I buy a news- paper from a newsdealer for fifty cents, the newsdealer and I exchange two commodities: I give up fifty cents, and the newsdealer gives up the newspaper. Or if I work for a corporation, I exchange my labor services, in a mutually agreed way, for a monetary salary; here the corporation is rep- resented by a manager (an agent) with the authority to hire. Both parties undertake the exchange because each expects to gain from it. Also, each will repeat the exchange next time (or refuse to) be- cause his expectation has proved correct (or incorrect) in the recent past. Trade, or exchange, is engaged in precisely because both parties benefit; if they did not expect to gain, they would not agree to the exchange. How can both parties benefit from an exchange? Each one values the two goods or services differently, and these differences set the scene for an ex- change. I, for example, am walking along with money in my pocket but no newspaper; the newsdealer, on the other hand, has plenty of newspapers but is anxious to acquire money. And so, finding each other, we strike a deal.

Answer 1

Свободный рынок«Свободный рынок» - сводный термин для массива обменов, которые принимаютместо в обществе. Каждый обмен осуществляется как добровольное соглашениемежду двумя людьми или между группами людей, представленными агентами.Эти два человека (или агенты) обмениваются двумя экономическими товарами, либоматериальных товаров или нетрадиционных услуг. Таким образом, когда я покупаю новость,газета от газетчика за пятьдесят центов, обменник новостей и ядва товара: я отказываюсь от пятидесяти центов, и газетчик отказывается отгазета. Или, если я работаю в корпорации, я обмениваю свои трудовые услуги,по взаимному согласию, для денежного оклада; здесь корпорация является представителемвозмущен менеджером (агентом) с полномочиями нанимать.Обе стороны берут на себя обмен, потому что каждый ожидает получитьот него. Кроме того, каждый повторит обмен в следующий раз (или откажется)потому что его ожидание оказалось верным (или неправильным) в недавнем прошлом.Торговля или обмен, осуществляется именно потому, что обе стороны выигрывают; еслиони не ожидали получить, они не согласились бы на обмен.Как обе стороны могут воспользоваться обменом? Каждый оценивает дватоваров или услуг по-разному, и эти различия устанавливают место для экс-изменение. Я, например, хожу вместе с деньгами в кармане, но нетгазета; с другой стороны, у газетчика есть много газет, но естьстремясь приобрести деньги. Итак, находя друг друга, мы заключили сделку.

Answer 2

Free Market

The term "free market" refers to a system of economic exchange that occurs voluntarily between individuals or groups in society. In a free market, each exchange is based on a voluntary agreement between two parties, represented by agents. These exchanges involve the trading of economic goods, which can be tangible commodities or intangible services.

For example, when I purchase a newspaper from a newsdealer for fifty cents, we are engaging in a free market exchange. In this exchange, I give up fifty cents, and the newsdealer gives up the newspaper. Similarly, if I work for a corporation, I exchange my labor services for a monetary salary. In this case, the corporation is represented by a manager who has the authority to hire.

Both parties involved in the exchange expect to benefit from it, which is why they agree to participate. If they did not expect to gain anything, they would not agree to the exchange. The expectation of mutual benefit is what drives trade or exchange in a free market.

Benefits of Exchange

Both parties involved in an exchange can benefit from it because they value the goods or services differently. These differences in value create the opportunity for an exchange to take place. For example, I may have money in my pocket but no newspaper, while the newsdealer has plenty of newspapers but is eager to acquire money. By finding each other, we can strike a deal that satisfies both parties' needs.

In a free market, individuals are motivated to engage in exchanges because they believe they will gain something from it. The ability to freely negotiate and participate in exchanges allows individuals to pursue their own self-interests while contributing to the overall functioning of the market.

Conclusion

The concept of a free market involves voluntary exchanges between individuals or groups in society. These exchanges are based on mutual benefit, with each party valuing the goods or services differently. The ability to freely engage in exchanges allows individuals to pursue their own interests and contributes to the overall functioning of the market.