Question

Change these active sentences to passive. 11. They will punish him. 12. They are painting my office today. 13. They have just done the work. 14. She bought this camera in Japan. 15. They took my daughter away from me. 16. Mosquitoes were eating me alive. 17. They had made many promises. 18. They will have completed the new bridge by March. 19. They are going to arrest me. 20. An American writer wrote this novel.​

Answer 1

Ответы:

• 11) He will be punished.
• 12) My office is being painted.
• 13) The work has just been done.
• 14) This camera was bought in Japan.
• 15) My daughter was taken away from me.
• 16) I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes.
• 17) Many promises had been made.
• 18) The new bridge will have been completed by March.
• 19) I am going to be arrested.
• 20) This novel was written by an American writer.

Пояснения:

11) They will punish him. => He will be punished.

• Исходное предложение дано в Future Simple, значит, переводим его в Future Simple Passive.
• Конструкция will + be + V3 (Past Participle).
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

12) They are painting my office today. => My office is being painted.

• Исходное предложение дано в Present Continuous, значит, переводим его в Present Continuous Passive.
• Конструкция am/is/are + being + V3 (Past Participle).
• Office = it => ставим is.
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

13) They have just done the work. => The work has just been done.

• Исходное предложение дано в Present Perfect, значит, переводим его в Present Perfect Passive.
• Конструкция have/has + been + V3 (Past Participle).
• The work = it => ставим has.
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

14) She bought this camera in Japan. => This camera was bought by her in Japan.

• Исходное предложение дано в Past Simple, значит, переводим его в Past Simple Passive.
• Конструкция was/were + V3 (Past Participle).
• Camera = it => ставим was.
• She — подлежащее в исходном предложении (т.е. лицо, совершившее действие) => при переводе в пассивный залог оно будет заменено на by her.

15) They took my daughter away from me. => My daughter was taken away from me.

• Исходное предложение дано в Past Simple, значит, переводим его в Past Simple Passive.
• Конструкция was/were + V3 (Past Participle).
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

16) Mosquitoes were eating me alive. => I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes.

• Исходное предложение дано в Past Continuous, значит, переводим его в Past Continuous Passive.
• Конструкция was/were + being + V3 (Past Participle).
• Местоимение I => ставим was.
• Mosquitoes — подлежащее в исходном предложении => при переводе в пассивный залог оно будет заменено на by mosquitoes.

17) They had made many promises. => Many promises had been made.

• Исходное предложение дано в Past Perfect, значит, переводим его в Past Perfect Passive.
• Конструкция had + been + V3 (Past Participle).
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

18) They will have completed the new bridge by March. => The new bridge will have been completed by March.

• Исходное предложение дано в Future Perfect, значит, переводим его в Future Perfect Passive.
• Конструкция will + have + been + V3 (Past Participle).
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

19) They are going to arrest me. => I am going to be arrested.

• Исходное предложение содержит конструкцию to be going to V, значит, переводим его в Going-To Future Passive.
• Конструкция am/is/are + going to + be + V3 (Past Participle).
• Местоимение I => ставим am.
• Акцент ставится на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает, следовательно, by them в конце можно опустить.

20) An American writer wrote this novel.​ => This novel was written by an American writer.  

• Исходное предложение дано в Past Simple, значит, переводим его в Past Simple Passive.
• Конструкция was/were + V3 (Past Participle).
• Novel = it => ставим was.
• An American writer — подлежащее в исходном предложении (т.е. лицо, совершившее действие) => при переводе в пассивный залог оно будет заменено на by an American writer.

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Answer 2

11. He will be punished by them. 12. My office is being painted today by them. 13. The work has just been done by them. 14. This camera was bought in Japan by her. 15. My daughter was taken away from me by them. 16. I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes. 17. Many promises had been made by them. 18. The new bridge will have been completed by March by them. 19. I am going to be arrested by them. 20. This novel was written by an American writer.