Question

Perfect Tenses Choose the right variant 1. My parents (be) to the USA many timesa) have beenb) had been c) will have been d) is being2. Julia (finish) all the housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk.a) will finishb) will have finishedc) have finishedd) had finished3. Aunt Polly punished Tom Sawyer because he (be) naughty.a) has beenb) had beenc) will have beend) finishes4. Why are you looking so unhappy? –I (lose) my purse.a) have lostb) had lostc) will have lostd) lost5. We are going to buy a car. By the end of next month our family (save)money for it. a) will saveb) will have savedc) have savedd) had saved6. Tell Tommy about these wonderful islands. He (never / hear) about them.a) has never heardb) had never heardc) will never have heardd) heard 7. The workers say that they (build up) a district by the beginning of 2000.a) will have built upb) will build upc) have built upd) had built up8.A mother asked the children if they (buy) some biscuits for tea.a) has boughtb) had boughtc) boughtd) will have bought9. I (leave) some photos to be developed. Are they ready?a) have leftb) had leftc) will have leftd) leave10. She (have lunch) by the time we arrive.a) will have hadb) will havec) have hadd)had had11. Mr. Jackson said that he (already/buy) everything for lunch.a) will already have boughtb) will buyc) have boughtd) had bought12. I’ m afraid I (forget) my book at home.a)will have forgottenb) will forget c) have forgottend) had forgotten113. ... the secretary (yet/come)?a) will... have come yet d) had... come yetb) yet ...will comec) has... come yet14. I wasn’t hungry because I (just/have) breakfasta) have just hadb) had just hadc) will just have hadd) had15.... you (have) a holiday this year.a) have hadb) had hadc) will have hadd) had16.I (not/see) Tom for ages.a) won’t have seenb) seec) haven’t seend) hadn’t seen17.Alice askedher brother where he (arrange) to meet his friends.a) has arrangedb) had arrangedc) will have arrangedd) arrange18.By the time I come they (go).a) will have goneb) will goc) have goned) had gone 19.Alan (work) in the bank for a year.a) had workedb) has workedc) will have workedd) worked20.They couldn’t believe he (give up) his job in the bank. He (make) a good livingthere. a) had given up, had madeb) has given up, had madec) will have given up, has made d) gave, made21. We ( already/ build) this plant by the end of 1997.a) had already builtb) have already builtc) will have builtd) built22.In three years’ time I (take) my degree.a) have takenb) had takenc) will have takend) took23. He (do) it since we left him.a) has doneb) had donec) will have doned) do24. We (sit) here for two hours.a) have satb)had satc) will have satd) sat2. The machines … in Scotland.a)made b) is made c) are made3. The money … at the bank.a. Are changed b) changed c) is changed4. The children … some food.a. Will give b) were gave c) were given5. Several people … in an accident last night.a. Has been hurt b) were hurt c) were hurted6. The garages …every day.a. Are cleaned b) were clean c) cleaned7. This computer … to several countries.a. Is exported b) is export c) exported​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1. have been
2. will have finished
3. had been
4. have lost
5. will have saved
6. has never heard
7. had built up
8. had bought
9. have left
10. will have had
11. had already bought
12. have forgotten
13. Has... come yet
14. had just had
15. Have... had
16. haven't seen
17. had arranged
18. will have gone
19. has worked
20. had given up, had made
21. had already built
22. will have taken
23. has done
24. have sat

1. was damaged
2. are made
3. is changed
4. were given
5. were hurt
6. are cleaned
7. is exported

Объяснение:

1. My parents have been to the USA many times.

• Релевантное действие (к этому времени были в США много раз), когда они там были не уточняется ⇒ Present Perfect.

2. Julia will have finished all the housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk.

• В будущем (к трем часам) будет выполнено действие (закончит работу) ⇒ Future Perfect.

3. Aunt Polly punished Tom Sawyer because he had been naughty.

• Есть два действия в прошлом: более раннее (Том Сойер был непослушным) в Past Perfect и более позднее (тетя Полли его наказала) в Past Simple.

4. Why are you looking so unhappy? – I have lost my purse.

• Релевантное действие в неопределенном прошлом ⇒ Present Perfect.

5. We are going to buy a car. By the end of next month our family will have saved money for it.

• К какому-то времени в будущем (к концу месяца) будет сделано действие (накопят денег) ⇒ Future Perfect.

6. Tell Tommy about these wonderful islands. He has never heard about them.

• Релевантное действие (до этого времени он никогда о них не слышал) ⇒ Present Perfect.

7. The workers say that they had built up a district by the beginning of 2000.

• Сделано действие (построен район) к моменту в прошлом (2000 год) ⇒ Past Perfect.

8. A mother asked the children if they had bought some biscuits for tea.

• Это косвенная речь. В оригинале вопрос звучал так: "Have you bought some biscuits for tea?" (использован Present Perfect). В косвенной речи глагол "сдвигается" на время назад ⇒ Past Perfect.

9. I have left some photos to be developed. Are they ready?

• Релевантное действие (ему нужны эти фотографии сейчас), совершенное в неопределенное время в прошлом (неизвестно и неважно, когда он их оставил) ⇒ Present Perfect.

10. She will have had lunch by the time we arrive.

• Действие (она пообедает) будет совершено к времени в будущем (когда мы приедем) ⇒ Future Perfect.

11. Mr. Jackson said that he had already bought everything for lunch.

• Косвенная речь. В прямой речи было: "I have already bought everything for lunch." (Present Perfect). Сдвигаем на время назад ⇒ Past Perfect.

12. I’m afraid I have forgotten my book at home.

• Релевантное действие в неопределенном прошлом ⇒ Present Perfect.

13. Has the secretary come yet?

• Маркер yet - указание на Perfect. Релевантная ситуация ⇒ Present Perfect.

14. I wasn’t hungry because I had just had breakfast.

• Два действия в прошлом: более ранее (только что позавтракал) в Past Perfect и более позднее (не был голоден) в Past Simple.

15. Have you had a holiday this year?

• Mаркер this year - указание на Present Perfect.

16. I haven't seen Tom for ages.

• Релевантная ситуация ⇒ Present Perfect.

17. Alice asked her brother where he had arranged to meet his friends.

• Косвенная речь. В прямой речи было: "Where have you arranged to meet your friends?." (Present Perfect). Сдвигаем на время назад ⇒ Past Perfect.

18. By the time I come they will have gone.

• К моему приходу будет что-то сделано (они уйдут) ⇒ Future Perfect.

19. Alan has worked in the bank for a year.

• К настоящему времени он проработал год ⇒ Present Perfect.

20. They couldn’t believe he had given up his job in the bank. He had made a good living there.

• Более ранние действия в прошлом (оставил работу, хорошо зарабатывал) в Past Perfect, более позднее (они поверить не могли)  Past Simple.

21. We had already built this plant by the end of 1997.

• Выполнено действие (построили завод) ко времени в прошлом (1997 год) ⇒ Past Perfect.

22. In three years’ time I will have taken my degree.

• К времени в будущем будет выполнено действие (получу диплом) ⇒ Future Perfect.

23. He has done it since we left him.

• Релевантная ситуация, когда неизвестно ⇒ Present Perfect.

24. We have sat here for two hours.

• Релевантная ситуация ⇒ Present Perfect.

1. My car was damaged last night.

• Страдательный залог, время известно (прошлой ночью) ⇒ Passive Voice, Past Simple.

2. The machines are made in Scotland.

• Страдательный залог, рутинное действие ⇒ Passive Voice, Present Simple.

3. The money is changed at the bank.

• Страдательный залог, money неисчисл. (т.е. is), речь идет о факте ⇒ Passive Voice, Present Simple.

4. The children were given some food.

• Страдательный залог, действие в прошлом, для формирования Passive Voice используется вспомогательный глагол и V3 (поэтому given) ⇒ Passive Voice, Past Simple.

5. Several people were hurt in an accident last night.

• Страдательный залог, время известно, третья форма глагола hurt - тоже hurt ⇒ Passive Voice, Past Simple.

6. The garages are cleaned every day.

• Страдательный залог, рутинное действие ⇒ Passive Voice, Present Simple.

7. This computer is exported to several countries.

• Страдательный залог, рутинное действие ⇒ Passive Voice, Present Simple.

#SPJ1

Answer 2

1. My parents (be) to the USA many times. a) have been

2. Julia (finish) all the housework by three o’clock and we’ll go for a walk. c) have finished

3. Aunt Polly punished Tom Sawyer because he (be) naughty. b) had been

4. Why are you looking so unhappy? –I (lose) my purse. a) have lost

5. We are going to buy a car. By the end of next month our family (save) money for it. b) will have saved

6. Tell Tommy about these wonderful islands. He (never / hear) about them. a) has never heard

7. The workers say that they (build up) a district by the beginning of 2000. c) have built up

8. A mother asked the children if they (buy) some biscuits for tea. d) will have bought

9. I (leave) some photos to be developed. Are they ready? a) have left

10. She (have lunch) by the time we arrive. a) will have had

11. Mr. Jackson said that he (already/buy) everything for lunch. d) had bought

12. I’m afraid I (forget) my book at home. d) had forgotten

13. ... the secretary (yet/come)? a) will... have come yet

14. I wasn’t hungry because I (just/have) breakfast. b) had just had

15. ... you (have) a holiday this year. a) have had

16. I (not/see) Tom for ages. c) haven’t seen

17. Alice asked her brother where he (arrange) to meet his friends. b) had arranged

18. By the time I come they (go). a) will have gone

19. Alan (work) in the bank for a year. b) has worked

20. They couldn’t believe he (give up) his job in the bank. He (make) a good living there. a) had given up, had made

21. We (+already/+build) this plant by the end of 1997. b) have already built

22. In three years’ time I (take) my degree. c) will have taken

23. He (do) it since we left him. a) has done

24. We (sit) here for two hours. a) have sat

25. The machines … in Scotland. c) are made

26. The money … at the bank. a) is changed

27. The children … some food. c) were given

28. Several people … in an accident last night. b) were hurt

29. The garages … every day. a) are cleaned

30. This computer … to several countries. c) is sold