Question

Определите по грамматическим признакам, какую функцию выполняет окончание – ‘ed’, т. е. служит ли оно: а) показателем стандартного глагола в Past Indefinite; б) показателем Participle II от стандартного глагола в функции опре-деления к существительному; в) частью сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Per-fect Tense; г) устоявшимся прилагательным. 1. B. Franklin is acknowledged to have invented a means of protecting against the disastrous effects of lightning – the lightning rod. 2. After many dif-ficulties he at last managed to enter the university. 3. This design was to be worked out by a highly qualified engineer. 4. The American Constitution was finally adopted in 1788. 5. The loosely organized colonies needed a single mili-tary commander to unify their forces. 6. An organization’s information man-agement requirements are determined by some factors: two general factors are the environment and size of the organization, and two specific factors are the area and level of the organization. 7. He was a very talented mathematician.

Answer 1

1. B. Franklin is acknowledged (в) to have invented (в) a means of protecting against the disastrous effects of lightning – the lightning rod.

2. After many difficulties he at last managed (а) to enter the university.

3. This design was to be worked (в) out by a highly qualified (г) engineer.

4. The American Constitution was finally adopted (в) in 1788.

5. The loosely organized (б) colonies needed (а) a single military commander to unify their forces.

6. An organization’s information management requirements are determined (в) by some factors: two general factors are the environment and size of the organization, and two specific factors are the area and level of the organization.

7. He was a very talented (г) mathematician.

Answer 2

Для определения функции окончания '-ed' в данных предложениях, нужно рассмотреть контекст и грамматическую структуру каждого предложения.

1. B. Franklin is acknowledged to have invented a means of protecting against the disastrous effects of lightning – the lightning rod. Функция: часть сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Perfect Tense Причина: "is acknowledged" указывает на форму Present Perfect Passive.

2. After many difficulties he at last managed to enter the university. Функция: показатель стандартного глагола в Past Indefinite Причина: "managed" - это форма прошедшего времени, указывающая на завершенное действие в прошлом.

3. This design was to be worked out by a highly qualified engineer. Функция: часть сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Perfect Tense Причина: "was worked out" указывает на форму Past Passive или Past Perfect Passive.

4. The American Constitution was finally adopted in 1788. Функция: часть сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Perfect Tense Причина: "was adopted" указывает на форму Past Passive или Past Perfect Passive.

5. The loosely organized colonies needed a single military commander to unify their forces. Функция: показатель стандартного глагола в Past Indefinite Причина: "needed" - это форма прошедшего времени, указывающая на прошлую необходимость.

6. An organization’s information management requirements are determined by some factors: two general factors are the environment and size of the organization, and two specific factors are the area and level of the organization. Функция: устоявшееся прилагательное (Past Participle) в функции определения к существительному "factors" Причина: "determined" в данном контексте действует как прилагательное, определяющее "factors". Оно отвечает на вопрос "what kind of factors" - "определенные факторы" (determined factors).

7. He was a very talented mathematician. Функция: устоявшееся прилагательное (Past Participle) Причина: В данном контексте "talented" - это прилагательное, которое описывает существительное "mathematician". Отвечает на вопрос "what kind of mathematician" - "талантливый математик".

Итак, окончание '-ed' выполняет следующие функции: а) показатель стандартного глагола в Past Indefinite; в) часть сказуемого от стандартного глагола в Passive Voice or Perfect Tense; г) устоявшееся прилагательное (Past Participle) в функции определения к существительному.