Question

4. Read the pairs of sentences and explain the difference in meaning.1 a He's written a book.b He's been writing a book.2 a Who's eaten my chocolates?b Who's been eating my chocolates?3 a She's never been to a wedding before.b She'd never been to a wedding before.4 a l've tried to call her.b I've been trying to call.5 a They'd been married for thirty-five years!b They've been married for thirty-five years!​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1 a He's written a book.

(Он написал книгу. - говорим о результате действия.)

b He's been writing a book.

(Он пишет книгу. (Подчеркивает продолжительность действия. Результат в момент речи не известен.)

2 a Who's eaten my chocolates?

(Кто съел мои конфеты/шоколадки?- важен результат, что их нет)

b Who's been eating my chocolates?

(Кто ест мои конфеты/шоколадки? - важен процесс)

3 a She's never been to a wedding before.

(Она никогда раньше не была на свадьбе. - Описывается опыт или его отсутствие на момент речи. Важен сам факт в настоящем.)

b She'd never been to a wedding before.

(Она никогда раньше не была на свадьбе. Сокращен глагол had. Время Past Perfect. Действие завершилось раньше, то есть связано с прошлым. Нет связи в настоящем)

4 a I've tried to call her.

(Я пытался позвонить ей. - Как факт. Есть связь с настоящим.)

b I've been trying to call.

(Я пытаюсь позвонить. - Важен сам процесс действия.)

5 a They'd been married for thirty-five years!

(Они были женаты тридцать пять лет! -нет связи с настоящим. Сокращен глагол had. Время Past Perfect. Действие  связано с прошлым.)

b They've been married for thirty-five years!

(Они женаты уже тридцать пять лет! - на данный момент они в браке уже 35 лет. Есть связь с настоящим)

Объяснение:

Главное отличие Present Perfect Continuous от Present Perfect Simple заключается в том, что в первом случае нам важно показать длительность действия, а во втором - подчеркнуть, что одно событие завершилось к определенному моменту времени.

Present Perfect - действие, совершённое (законченное) на данный момент, а Past Perfect - на момент времени в прошлом.

Answer 2

1a. "He's written a book." - This sentence implies that the person has completed the act of writing a book. It suggests that the book is finished and no longer being worked on.

1b. "He's been writing a book." - This sentence implies that the person has been engaged in the activity of writing a book. It suggests an ongoing action or process, indicating that the person is still in the process of writing the book.

The difference in meaning between the two sentences is that the first sentence focuses on the completion of the writing task, while the second sentence emphasizes the ongoing nature of the writing process.

2a. "Who's eaten my chocolates?" - This sentence asks about a specific event in the past, inquiring who has consumed the chocolates. The focus is on the completed action of eating the chocolates.

2b. "Who's been eating my chocolates?" - This sentence asks about an ongoing or repeated action of eating the chocolates. It suggests that the speaker has noticed that their chocolates have been disappearing over a period of time and wants to know who has been responsible for it.

The difference in meaning between the two sentences is that the first sentence asks about a specific past event, while the second sentence asks about a repeated or ongoing action in the past.

3a. "She's never been to a wedding before." - This sentence indicates that the woman has not experienced attending a wedding at any point in her life, up until the present moment.

3b. "She'd never been to a wedding before." - This sentence indicates that the woman had not experienced attending a wedding at some specific point in the past. The use of "had" suggests that there has been a change in her experience since that specific point.

The difference in meaning between the two sentences is that the first sentence refers to the woman's overall life experience, while the second sentence refers to a specific point in the past.

4a. "I've tried to call her." - This sentence suggests that the speaker has attempted to call the person at least once in the past. It does not convey any information about the duration or continuity of the attempts.

4b. "I've been trying to call." - This sentence suggests that the speaker has been making repeated attempts or has been persistently trying to call the person. It emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action.

The difference in meaning between the two sentences is that the first sentence focuses on the act of trying to call, without specifying the duration, while the second sentence emphasizes the continuous or repeated nature of the attempts.

5a. "They'd been married for thirty-five years!" - This sentence indicates that at some point in the past, the couple had already been married for thirty-five years. The use of "had" suggests that there has been a change in their marital status since that specific point.

5b. "They've been married for thirty-five years!" - This sentence indicates that the couple is currently married and has been so for thirty-five years. It suggests an ongoing or continuous state of being married.

The difference in meaning between the two sentences is that the first sentence refers to a specific point in the past, while the second sentence refers to the present, emphasizing the duration of their marriage.