Question

3. Answer the questions: (7-12 points) 1. Who were the representatives of early period of Ukrainian painting? What was the theme of their works? 2. What way did the main ideas of the Renaissance influence Ukrainian painting of the 16th century? 3. What school of painting influenced Ukrainian painting of the 18th century? What style of painting did it propagate? Name the representatives of that period. 4. Why was Ukraine called the East European Italy? 5. Why is Taras Shevchenko considered to be the father of the modern Ukrainian painting? 6. What Ukrainian schools of painting of the 20th century do you know? What trends did they cultivate? Name the representatives of different art trends.

Answer 1

The representatives of the early period of Ukrainian painting were anonymous icon painters who depicted religious themes.
The main ideas of the Renaissance influenced Ukrainian painting of the 16th century in terms of the use of perspective, realism, and humanism. Ukrainian painters started to depict secular themes, such as portraits and landscapes, alongside religious ones.
The school of painting that influenced Ukrainian painting of the 18th century was the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, which propagated the Baroque style. The representatives of that period include Hryhorii Levytskyi and Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi.
Ukraine was called the East European Italy because of the abundance of talented artists, the development of art schools, and the prevalence of Baroque and Rococo styles in Ukrainian painting.
Taras Shevchenko is considered to be the father of the modern Ukrainian painting because he was the first Ukrainian artist to depict Ukrainian landscapes and people in a realistic and naturalistic manner, rather than idealized or stereotyped.
The Ukrainian schools of painting of the 20th century include the Kiev School of Painting, the Lviv School of Painting, and the Odessa School of Painting. The Kiev School of Painting cultivated the style of socialist realism, with representatives such as Mykhailo Zhuk, Oleksandr Kryvolap, and Vasyl Lopata. The Lviv School of Painting was known for its post-impressionist style, with representatives such as Roman Selskyi and Mykola Hlushchenko. The Odessa School of Painting was known for its avant-garde style, with representatives such as Oleksandr Bogomazov and Ivan Marchuk.

Answer 2

1. The representatives of the early period of Ukrainian painting were primarily icon painters and muralists. Their works focused on religious themes and were heavily influenced by Byzantine and Orthodox traditions. Some notable representatives include Theodosius of Kyiv, Alimpiy, and Dionysius.

2. The main ideas of the Renaissance had a significant influence on Ukrainian painting in the 16th century. Artists began to adopt elements of Renaissance art, such as perspective, anatomical accuracy, and naturalism. The influence of the Renaissance can be seen in the works of Ukrainian artists such as Yakiv Malyi, who introduced Renaissance elements into his religious paintings.

3. The school of painting that influenced Ukrainian painting in the 18th century was the Baroque style, particularly the Polish-Lithuanian Baroque. It propagated a dramatic and ornate style characterized by grandiose compositions, vibrant colors, and elaborate details. Some representatives of this period include Johann Georg Pinsel, Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi, and Ivan Hryhorovych-Bushch.

4. Ukraine was called the East European Italy due to its rich artistic and cultural heritage, particularly during the Kyivan Rus period. Like Italy, Ukraine had a significant impact on the development of European art, especially through its Byzantine and Orthodox traditions. Additionally, both regions were centers of cultural and artistic innovation during their respective time periods.

5. Taras Shevchenko is considered the father of modern Ukrainian painting because of his significant contributions to the development of Ukrainian art. He was not only a renowned poet and writer but also a talented painter. Shevchenko's works depicted the lives of Ukrainian peasants, highlighting their struggles and emphasizing the importance of national identity. His paintings had a profound impact on the development of a distinct Ukrainian artistic style.

6. In the 20th century, several Ukrainian schools of painting emerged, each cultivating different artistic trends. Some of the notable schools include:

• The Kyiv School of Painting, which focused on realism and social themes. Representatives include Mykhailo Boichuk and Vasyl Sedliar.
• The Kharkiv School of Painting, which emphasized avant-garde and modernist styles. Representatives include Kazimir Malevich and Alexander Arkhipenko.
• The Odesa School of Painting, known for its maritime themes and impressionistic approach. Representatives include Oleksandr Aizenshtadt and Mykola Glushchenko.
• The Lviv School of Painting, which promoted a more traditional and academic style. Representatives include Roman Selskyi and Olena Kulchytska.

These schools and their representatives played crucial roles in shaping the diverse landscape of Ukrainian art in the 20th century.