Question

Реферат про Джемс Кук на Англиском

Answer 1

Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. He saw action in the Seven Years' War, and subsequently surveyed and mapped much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege of Quebec. This helped bring Cook to the attention of the Admiralty and Royal Society. This notice came at a crucial moment in both Cook's career and the direction of British overseas exploration, and led to his commission in 1766 as commander of HM Bark Endeavour for the first of three Pacific voyages.

In three voyages Cook sailed thousands of miles across largely uncharted areas of the globe. He mapped lands from New Zealand to Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean in greater detail and on aSCALE not previously achieved. As he progressed on his voyages of discovery he surveyed and named features, and recorded islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. He displayed a combination of seamanship, superior surveying and cartographic skills, physical courage and an ability to lead men in adverse conditions.

Cook was attacked and killed in a confrontation with Hawaiians during his third exploratory voyage in the Pacific in 1779. He left a legacy of scientific and geographical knowledge which was to influence his successors well into the 20th century, and numerous memorials worldwide have been dedicated to him.

Answer 2

James Cook, also known as Captain Cook, was a British explorer and navigator who is best known for his three voyages to the Pacific Ocean. He was born on October 27, 1728 in the village of Marton in Yorkshire, England. Cook was the second of eight children and grew up on a farm.

At the age of 18, Cook moved to Whitby to work as an apprentice to a coal merchant. He soon developed an interest in the sea and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. Cook quickly rose through the ranks and was given command of his own ship, the HMS Endeavour, in 1768.

Cook's first voyage was a scientific expedition to the South Pacific, where he was tasked with observing the transit of Venus across the sun and mapping the uncharted territories. He sailed from England with a crew of 94 men and arrived in Tahiti in 1769. After successfully observing the transit of Venus, Cook set sail to explore the surrounding islands, including New Zealand and Australia.

During his second voyage, Cook was tasked with finding a southern continent rumored to exist in the Pacific Ocean. He sailed south from New Zealand and eventually reached the icy waters of Antarctica, but did not find the southern continent. Cook's second voyage also included the first recorded European contact with Hawaii.

Cook's third and final voyage was to find a northwest passage through the Arctic Ocean. He sailed from England in 1776 and made his way to the Bering Strait, but was forced to turn back due to thick sea ice. Cook then sailed south to Hawaii, where he was killed by the islanders in a conflict over a stolen boat.

Cook's contributions to exploration and cartography were significant. He is credited with mapping much of the Pacific Ocean, including the east coast of Australia and the islands of New Zealand. Cook also made significant contributions to navigation, including the use of the chronometer to accurately determine longitude.

Today, Cook is remembered as one of the greatest explorers in history. His legacy lives on in the many places around the world that bear his name, including Cook Islands, Cook Inlet, and Mount Cook.