Question

Задачиа) Из-за высокой инфляции российский автомобиль, стоивший 210 тыс. руб., стал стоить 270 тыс. рублей. Как при этом изменился реальный обменный курс, если номинальный остался прежним? Как должен измениться номинальный обменный курс американской валюты, чтобы реальный обменный курс остался неизменным?б) При объеме производства 100 ед. продукции средние переменные издержки фирмы составляют 10 тыс. руб., а средние постоянные – 5 тыс. руб. Определите средние и общие издержки фирмы.

Answer 1

Решение:

Q-объем выпускаемой продукции;
TC-общие издержки(FC+VC)
ATC-средние общие издержки(TC/Q)

TC = 10000+5000 =15000 руб.

ATC = 15000/100 = 150 руб.

Answer 2

Task a)

To calculate the change in the real exchange rate due to the increase in the price of a Russian car, we can use the formula:

Real Exchange Rate = Nominal Exchange Rate * (Domestic Price Level / Foreign Price Level)

Given: Initial price of the car (P1) = 210,000 rubles Final price of the car (P2) = 270,000 rubles Nominal exchange rate remains the same

First, we need to find the change in the domestic price level: Change in Domestic Price Level = (Final Price - Initial Price) / Initial Price

Change in Domestic Price Level = (270,000 - 210,000) / 210,000 = 60,000 / 210,000 = 0.2857

Now, we can calculate the change in the real exchange rate: Change in Real Exchange Rate = Nominal Exchange Rate * Change in Domestic Price Level

Change in Real Exchange Rate = Nominal Exchange Rate * 0.2857

To keep the real exchange rate unchanged, the nominal exchange rate should change in the opposite direction of the change in the domestic price level. Therefore, the nominal exchange rate should decrease to offset the increase in the domestic price level.

Task b)

To calculate the average and total costs of the firm, we can use the following formulas:

Average Variable Cost (AVC) = Total Variable Cost / Quantity Average Fixed Cost (AFC) = Total Fixed Cost / Quantity Average Total Cost (ATC) = Total Cost / Quantity

Given: Quantity (Q) = 100 units Average Variable Cost (AVC) = 10,000 rubles Average Fixed Cost (AFC) = 5,000 rubles

We can calculate the Total Variable Cost (TVC) and Total Fixed Cost (TFC) using the given average costs: Total Variable Cost (TVC) = AVC * Q = 10,000 * 100 = 1,000,000 rubles Total Fixed Cost (TFC) = AFC * Q = 5,000 * 100 = 500,000 rubles

Now, we can calculate the Average Total Cost (ATC) and Total Cost (TC): Average Total Cost (ATC) = (TVC + TFC) / Q = (1,000,000 + 500,000) / 100 = 15,000 rubles Total Cost (TC) = TVC + TFC = 1,000,000 + 500,000 = 1,500,000 rubles

Therefore, the average total cost of the firm is 15,000 rubles, and the total cost is 1,500,000 rubles.