Question

Экономика первоначально находилась в состоянии полной занятости, потенциальный ВВП был равен 3335. уравнение кривой AD имело вид У=3806-525*Р. Падение инвестиционного спроса сдвинуло кривую AD так что в краткосрочном периоде равновесный ВВП составил 2756 млрд долл. Чему равен уровень цен в долгосрочном периоде? (с полным решением, и описанием пожалуйста)

Answer 1

Решение:
Уровень цен первоначальный:

3335=3806-525Р

525Р=471

Р= 0,9

Уровень цен после падения инвестиционного спроса:

2756=3806-525Р

525Р=1050

Р=2

Answer 2

Background Information

To answer your question, let's first understand the concepts involved. The AD-AS model is a macroeconomic model that explains the relationship between aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) in an economy. The AD curve represents the total demand for goods and services in an economy at different price levels, while the AS curve represents the total supply of goods and services at different price levels.

In the AD-AS model, the equilibrium level of output, or real GDP, is determined by the intersection of the AD and AS curves. In the short run, the equilibrium level of output can deviate from the potential level of output due to various factors, such as changes in aggregate demand or supply shocks. In the long run, however, the economy tends to move towards its potential level of output.

Given Information

Based on the information provided, the initial state of the economy was characterized by full employment, with a potential GDP of 3335. The equation for the AD curve is given as: AD = 3806 - 525P, where AD represents aggregate demand and P represents the price level. The fall in investment demand shifted the AD curve, resulting in a short-run equilibrium GDP of 2756 billion dollars.

Finding the Long-Run Equilibrium Price Level

To determine the long-run equilibrium price level, we need to consider the relationship between aggregate demand and aggregate supply. In the long run, the economy tends to move towards its potential level of output, which is determined by the AS curve.

Since the given information does not provide the equation for the AS curve, we cannot directly calculate the long-run equilibrium price level. However, we can make some observations based on the given information.

1. The initial potential GDP is 3335 billion dollars. 2. The short-run equilibrium GDP is 2756 billion dollars, which is below the potential GDP. 3. The fall in investment demand shifted the AD curve, indicating a decrease in aggregate demand.

Based on these observations, we can infer that the short-run equilibrium GDP is below the potential GDP, suggesting that there is a recessionary gap in the economy. In the long run, the economy will adjust to eliminate this gap and return to its potential level of output.

To close the recessionary gap, the price level needs to decrease. This is because a decrease in the price level will increase aggregate demand, shifting the AD curve to the right until it intersects with the AS curve at the potential GDP level.

Therefore, in the long run, the level of prices will decrease to close the recessionary gap and reach the potential GDP level. However, without the specific equation for the AS curve, we cannot determine the exact long-run equilibrium price level.

Conclusion

In summary, based on the given information, the level of prices in the long run will decrease to close the recessionary gap and reach the potential GDP level. However, without the specific equation for the AS curve, we cannot determine the exact long-run equilibrium price level.

Answer 3

Для решения этой задачи мы можем использовать модель IS-LM в открытой экономике. Исходя из заданных данных:

1. Первоначальный потенциальный ВВП (Y*) равен 3335. 2. Уравнение кривой AD: Y = 3806 - 525P. 3. Равновесный ВВП в краткосрочном периоде (Y) составил 2756 млрд долл.

Также, в долгосрочном периоде уровень ВВП будет равен потенциальному ВВП (Y*).

Используем уравнение AD для нахождения уровня цен (P) в краткосрочном периоде:

\[ Y = 3806 - 525P \]

Подставим значение равновесного ВВП (Y) в уравнение:

\[ 2756 = 3806 - 525P \]

Теперь найдем значение уровня цен (P) в краткосрочном периоде.

\[ 525P = 3806 - 2756 \]

\[ 525P = 1050 \]

\[ P = \frac{1050}{525} = 2 \]

Таким образом, уровень цен в краткосрочном периоде равен 2.

В долгосрочном периоде уровень цен (P) будет равен уровню цен в краткосрочном периоде, так как в долгосрочном периоде экономика возвращается к потенциальному ВВП. Таким образом, уровень цен в долгосрочном периоде также будет равен 2.