Question

История возникновения экономики..кратко срочно плизз

Answer 1

Людям нужен был товар, который они не производили, поэтому одно общество обменивало свой товар на товар другого общества. Т.е. схема выглядела так: Т1 -> Т2. Но обмен был неравноценным, нужны были деньги. В качестве них выступило золото, т.к. оно являлось полноценным(!) платёжным средством. В процессе становления общества и появления золотого стандарта, стали появляться бумажные деньги, которые менялись на золото и обратно. Но вскоре правительство отменило золотой стандарт, отменив тем самым обмен бумажных денег на золото, общество перешло на неполноценные деньги (т.е. на бумажные). Ну а в процессе этого всего и далее после отмены золотого стандарта стали появляться законы в сфере экономики.

Answer 2

The History of the Emergence of Economics

The emergence of economics as a field of study can be traced back to ancient civilizations. Throughout history, societies have developed systems to manage their resources and allocate them efficiently. Here is a brief overview of the history of the emergence of economics:

Ancient Civilizations: In ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, there were early forms of economic systems. These civilizations engaged in trade, agriculture, and the exchange of goods and services. Economic activities were often regulated by rulers or religious institutions.

Mercantilism: During the 16th to 18th centuries, the dominant economic theory in Europe was mercantilism. Mercantilist policies focused on accumulating wealth through trade surpluses, colonization, and protectionist measures. Governments played a significant role in regulating economic activities and promoting national interests.

The Enlightenment and Classical Economics: The Enlightenment period in the 18th century brought about new ideas and theories about economics. Scholars such as Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill developed the foundations of classical economics. They emphasized the importance of free markets, individual self-interest, and the division of labor in promoting economic growth and prosperity.

Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, marked a significant shift in economic development. It brought about mechanization, mass production, and urbanization, leading to profound changes in the economic structure. The rise of capitalism and the expansion of markets played a crucial role in shaping the modern economic system.

Neoclassical Economics: In the late 19th century, neoclassical economics emerged as a response to the challenges posed by the Industrial Revolution. Neoclassical economists, such as Alfred Marshall and Leon Walras, focused on the study of individual consumer and producer behavior, market equilibrium, and the concept of utility.

Keynesian Economics: The Great Depression of the 1930s led to the development of Keynesian economics, named after the British economist John Maynard Keynes. Keynesian economics emphasized the role of government intervention in stabilizing the economy and promoting full employment. It advocated for fiscal and monetary policies to manage aggregate demand.

Modern Economics: In the latter half of the 20th century, various schools of thought emerged, including monetarism, supply-side economics, and behavioral economics. These theories expanded the understanding of economic behavior, market dynamics, and the role of institutions in shaping economic outcomes.

Contemporary Economics: Today, economics continues to evolve and adapt to new challenges and developments. It encompasses a wide range of subfields, including microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics, development economics, and environmental economics. Economists study topics such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment, income distribution, and the impact of policies on the economy.