Question

Информатика. 10 а. Как Винер,Эшби,Шеннон,Урсул,Моль,Глушков понимали слово знание. Пожалуйста помогите.

Answer 1

Информация – это обозначение содержания, полученного от внешнего мира в процессе приспособления к нему (Н. Винер).

Информация  - снятая неразличимость, передача разнообразия (У.Р. Эшби).

Информация – снятая неопределенность (К. Шеннон).

Информация – отраженное разнообразие (А. Д. Урсул).

Информация – мера сложности структур, мера упорядоченности материальных систем (А. Моль).

Информация – мера неоднородности распределения материи и энергии в пространстве и времени (В. М. Глушков).

Answer 2

Understanding the Concept of Knowledge by Wiener, Ashby, Shannon, Ursul, Mol, and Glushkov

Wiener, Ashby, Shannon, Ursul, Mol, and Glushkov are all notable figures in the field of computer science and information theory. While they have made significant contributions to the field, it is important to note that their individual perspectives on the concept of knowledge may vary. Let's explore how each of these individuals understood the concept of knowledge:

Norbert Wiener was a mathematician and one of the pioneers of cybernetics, the study of control and communication in living organisms and machines. Wiener's understanding of knowledge was closely related to the concept of information. He believed that knowledge could be represented and transmitted through the exchange of information between systems. Wiener's work laid the foundation for the field of information theory, which deals with the quantification, storage, and communication of information.

W. Ross Ashby was a British psychiatrist and cybernetician. He is known for his work on self-regulating systems and the concept of "ultrastability." Ashby's understanding of knowledge was rooted in the idea of adaptation and feedback. He believed that knowledge was the result of a system's ability to adapt to its environment and maintain stability through feedback mechanisms. Ashby's work contributed to the development of cybernetics and the study of complex systems.

Claude Shannon was an American mathematician and electrical engineer. He is often referred to as the "father of information theory." Shannon's understanding of knowledge was closely tied to the concept of entropy, which measures the amount of uncertainty or randomness in a system. He believed that knowledge could be quantified and transmitted through the use of coding and communication systems. Shannon's work revolutionized the field of communication and laid the groundwork for modern digital communication systems.

Anatolii Ursul was a Soviet mathematician and cybernetician. He made significant contributions to the field of systems theory and the study of complex systems. Ursul's understanding of knowledge was influenced by his work on the theory of self-organization. He believed that knowledge was the result of the self-organizing processes that occur within complex systems. Ursul's work contributed to the development of systems theory and the study of self-organizing systems.

Vladimir Mol was a Soviet mathematician and computer scientist. He is known for his work on the theory of algorithms and the development of programming languages. Mol's understanding of knowledge was closely related to the concept of computation. He believed that knowledge could be represented and processed through algorithms and computational systems. Mol's work contributed to the development of computer science and the study of algorithms.

Victor Glushkov was a Soviet mathematician and computer scientist. He is known for his work on the theory of algorithms and the development of computer technology in the Soviet Union. Glushkov's understanding of knowledge was closely tied to the concept of information processing. He believed that knowledge could be represented and processed through computational systems. Glushkov's work contributed to the development of computer science and the study of information processing.

Please note that the information provided above is a general overview of how these individuals understood the concept of knowledge. For more detailed information, it is recommended to refer to specific works and publications by each of these individuals.