Question

3.В закрытом прочном сосуде смешали 16 л хлора и 24 л водорода и смесь взорвали. Какой объем хлороводорода получился? Какой газ и в каком объеме остался в избытке?

Answer 1

Calculation of the Volume of Hydrochloric Acid Produced

To determine the volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl) produced in the reaction, we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine (Cl2) and hydrogen (H2):

Cl2 + H2 -> 2HCl

According to the given information, 16 liters of chlorine and 24 liters of hydrogen were mixed and reacted. Since the reaction produces hydrochloric acid in a 1:1 ratio with chlorine, the volume of hydrochloric acid produced will be equal to the volume of chlorine used.

Therefore, the volume of hydrochloric acid produced is 16 liters.

Calculation of the Excess Gas and Its Volume

To determine the gas that remains in excess and its volume, we need to compare the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants in the balanced chemical equation.

From the balanced equation:

Cl2 + H2 -> 2HCl

We can see that the stoichiometric ratio between chlorine and hydrogen is 1:1. This means that for every 1 mole of chlorine, we need 1 mole of hydrogen to react completely.

Given that 16 liters of chlorine and 24 liters of hydrogen were mixed, we can calculate the number of moles of each gas:

- Moles of chlorine = volume of chlorine / molar volume of chlorine - Moles of hydrogen = volume of hydrogen / molar volume of hydrogen

Using the molar volume of gases at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 22.4 liters/mol, we can calculate the moles of each gas:

- Moles of chlorine = 16 liters / 22.4 liters/mol = 0.714 moles - Moles of hydrogen = 24 liters / 22.4 liters/mol = 1.071 moles

Since the stoichiometric ratio is 1:1, we can see that there is an excess of hydrogen in this reaction. The excess hydrogen can be calculated by subtracting the moles of chlorine used from the moles of hydrogen:

- Excess moles of hydrogen = moles of hydrogen - moles of chlorine = 1.071 moles - 0.714 moles = 0.357 moles

To calculate the volume of the excess hydrogen gas, we can use the molar volume of hydrogen at STP:

- Volume of excess hydrogen = excess moles of hydrogen * molar volume of hydrogen = 0.357 moles * 22.4 liters/mol = 7.997 liters

Therefore, the excess gas remaining in the reaction is hydrogen, and its volume is approximately 7.997 liters.

Summary:

- The volume of hydrochloric acid produced is 16 liters. - The excess gas remaining in the reaction is hydrogen, and its volume is approximately 7.997 liters.

Please note that these calculations are based on the given information and assumptions about the reaction conditions.