Question

1)Почему атомы химических элементов образуют химические связи?2)Как изменяется электроотрицательность слева направо?3)Как изменяется электроотрицательность в главной подгруппе сверху вниз?

Answer 1

2) возрастает

3) убывает

Answer 2

Why Atoms of Chemical Elements Form Chemical Bonds?

Atoms of chemical elements form chemical bonds due to the desire to achieve a more stable electron configuration. This stability is often achieved by filling the outermost electron shell, also known as the valence shell, with the maximum number of electrons. Atoms can achieve this stable configuration by either gaining, losing, or sharing electrons with other atoms. This process allows the atoms to attain a full outer shell, which is the most stable configuration. The types of chemical bonds formed include ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.

How Does Electronegativity Change from Left to Right?

Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons. It generally increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table. This trend is due to the increasing effective nuclear charge, which attracts the electrons more strongly towards the nucleus. As a result, the atoms on the right side of the periodic table tend to have higher electronegativities compared to those on the left.

How Does Electronegativity Change in the Main Group from Top to Bottom?

The electronegativity of elements in the main group generally decreases from top to bottom. This trend occurs because, as you move down a group, the atomic size increases, and the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus. As a result, the ability of the nucleus to attract and hold onto additional electrons decreases, leading to a decrease in electronegativity