
реакции нуклеофильного замещения на примере 2-бромбутана


Ответы на вопрос

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3+KOH ->CH3-CH-CH2-CH3+KBr (водный раствор KOH)
I I
Br OH
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 +NaCl -> CH3-CH-CH2-CH3+NaBr
I I
Br Cl



Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction in 2-Bromobutane
In the context of organic chemistry, the reaction of 2-bromobutane provides a clear example of nucleophilic substitution. Nucleophilic substitution reactions involve the replacement of a leaving group in a molecule by a nucleophile. In the case of 2-bromobutane, the bromine atom serves as the leaving group, and the nucleophile replaces it in the molecule.
Reaction Mechanism:
The reaction of 2-bromobutane typically proceeds through the SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular) mechanism. In this mechanism, the nucleophile attacks the carbon bearing the leaving group from the opposite side, leading to inversion of configuration at the chiral center.
Key Steps:
1. Nucleophilic Attack: The nucleophile attacks the carbon bearing the leaving group, leading to the formation of a transition state. 2. Leaving Group Departure: The leaving group (bromine in this case) departs from the molecule. 3. Formation of Product: The nucleophile becomes bonded to the carbon, resulting in the formation of the substitution product.
Example:
For instance, when 2-bromobutane undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a strong nucleophile such as sodium azide (NaN3), the following reaction occurs:
``` CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + NaN3 → CH3CH2CH2CH2N3 + NaBr ```
In this reaction, the azide ion (N3-) acts as the nucleophile, replacing the bromine atom in 2-bromobutane to form 1-bromo-2-azidobutane.
Conclusion:
The reaction of 2-bromobutane exemplifies the nucleophilic substitution process, particularly the SN2 mechanism, which is crucial in organic chemistry for understanding the reactivity of alkyl halides with nucleophiles.


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