Question

1.распределить вещества по классам: Этиловый спирт, этилен, уксусная кислота, альдегид, бензол, этан, уксус, 2хлорпропановая кислота, карбонат Ca, Ca, CaO, Ca(OH)2, вода, бром Br2. Какие из них реагируют с алкен2. Написать уравнение реакции с помощью которых можно осуществить следующие превращения: C2H5Cl-C2H5OH-CH3COOH-CH3COOH-CH3COONa

Answer 1

1.
этиловый спирт-спирты
этилен-алкены
уксусная кислота-карбоновые кислоты
альдегид-альдегиды
бензол-арены
этан-алканы
уксус-карбоновые кислоты
2-хлорпропановая кислота-карбоновые кислоты
карбонат кальция-соль
кальций-металл
оксид кальция-основный оксид
гидроксид кальция-гидроксид
вода-оксид
бром-неметалл
С алкенами реагируют: бром,вода
2.
С₂H₅Cl+KOH=>KCl+C₂H₅OH
C₂H₅OH+CuO=>Cu+CH₃COH + H₂O (условие t)
CH₃COH+2Cu(OH)₂=>CH₃COOH+Cu₂O+2H₂O (условие t)
CH₃COOH+Na=>CH₃COONa+H₂

Answer 2

Classification of Substances:

To classify the given substances, let's group them into different classes based on their chemical nature:

1. Ethanol (C2H5OH) - Alcohol 2. Ethylene (C2H4) - Alkene 3. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) - Carboxylic acid 4. Aldehyde (RCHO) - Aldehyde 5. Benzene (C6H6) - Aromatic hydrocarbon 6. Ethane (C2H6) - Alkane 7. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) - Carboxylic acid 8. 2-Chloropropanoic acid (CH3CHClCOOH) - Carboxylic acid 9. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - Inorganic compound 10. Calcium (Ca) - Alkaline earth metal 11. Calcium oxide (CaO) - Inorganic compound 12. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) - Inorganic compound 13. Water (H2O) - Inorganic compound 14. Bromine (Br2) - Halogen

Reactivity of Alkenes:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. They are known for their reactivity due to the presence of this double bond. Alkenes can undergo various reactions, including addition reactions, where atoms or groups of atoms are added to the carbon-carbon double bond.

Reaction to Convert C2H5Cl to C2H5OH:

To convert ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl) to ethanol (C2H5OH), we can use a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this reaction, the chlorine atom in ethyl chloride is replaced by a hydroxyl group (OH) from a nucleophile, such as water (H2O) or hydroxide ion (OH-).

The reaction can be represented by the following equation: C2H5Cl + H2O -> C2H5OH + HCl

Reaction to Convert C2H5OH to CH3COOH:

To convert ethanol (C2H5OH) to acetic acid (CH3COOH), we can use oxidation. Ethanol can be oxidized to acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) using an oxidizing agent, such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Acetaldehyde can then be further oxidized to acetic acid.

The reactions can be represented by the following equations: 1. C2H5OH -> CH3CHO + H2 (Ethanol to acetaldehyde) 2. CH3CHO + O2 -> CH3COOH (Acetaldehyde to acetic acid)

Reaction to Convert CH3COOH to CH3COONa:

To convert acetic acid (CH3COOH) to sodium acetate (CH3COONa), we can use a neutralization reaction. Acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium acetate and water.

The reaction can be represented by the following equation: CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O

Please note that the given reactions are simplified representations and may involve additional steps or conditions in practical applications.