Question

Нужна помощь с задачей, в упор не понимаю. При нагревании 15 г первичного одноатомного насыщенного спирта неизвестного состава с концентрированной серной кислотой образовалось 9,45 г алкена. Выход продуктов реакции составил 90%. Определите строение спирта. В ответе укажите его название (IUPAC). Пожалуйста, если можно покажите сам процесс, как решать + объяснения( я хочу понять...

Answer 1

Ответ:

пропанол-1

Объяснение:

Общая формула одноатомного спирта: СnH2n+1-OH

Общая формула алкена: CnH2n

Уравнение реакции:

СnH2n+1-OH= CnH2n+H2O

(Конц. серная кислота присутствует в качестве катализатора)

m (СnH2n+1-OH) / M (СnH2n+1-OH) = m (CnH2n) / M(CnH2n)

15/(14n+18)=(9,45:0,9)/14n

210n=147n+189

63n=189

n=3

C3H7-OH

Так как спирт в условии задачи первичный, его молекулярная формула:

CH3-CH2-CH2-OH

пропанол-1

Answer 2

Problem Analysis

To solve this problem, we need to determine the structure of the primary one-atom saturated alcohol and its IUPAC name. We are given that when 15 g of the alcohol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, 9.45 g of an alkene is formed with a yield of 90%.

Solution

To find the structure of the alcohol, we can start by calculating the number of moles of the alkene formed. We can then use this information to determine the number of moles of the alcohol.

1. Calculate the number of moles of the alkene formed: - The molar mass of the alkene can be calculated using the given mass and the molar mass of the alkene. - The molar mass of the alkene can be calculated using the molar mass of carbon and hydrogen. - The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol, and the molar mass of hydrogen is 1.01 g/mol. - Calculate the molar mass of the alkene using the formula: (number of carbon atoms * molar mass of carbon) + (number of hydrogen atoms * molar mass of hydrogen). - Divide the given mass of the alkene by its molar mass to find the number of moles.

2. Calculate the number of moles of the alcohol: - Since the yield of the reaction is given as 90%, we can calculate the number of moles of the alcohol using the number of moles of the alkene and the yield. - Divide the number of moles of the alkene by the yield (in decimal form) to find the number of moles of the alcohol.

3. Determine the structure of the alcohol: - To determine the structure of the alcohol, we need to consider the number of carbon atoms in the alkene and the number of hydrogen atoms in the alcohol. - The alcohol will have one more hydrogen atom than the alkene, as the reaction involves the removal of a molecule of water (H2O). - Based on the number of carbon atoms in the alkene and the number of hydrogen atoms in the alcohol, we can determine the possible structures of the alcohol.

4. Determine the IUPAC name of the alcohol: - Once we have determined the structure of the alcohol, we can assign its IUPAC name based on the number of carbon atoms and the functional group present.

Calculation and Solution Steps

Let's calculate the number of moles of the alkene formed and then determine the number of moles of the alcohol.

1. Calculate the number of moles of the alkene formed: - Given mass of the alkene = 9.45 g - Molar mass of the alkene = (number of carbon atoms * molar mass of carbon) + (number of hydrogen atoms * molar mass of hydrogen) - The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol, and the molar mass of hydrogen is 1.01 g/mol. - Let's assume the alkene has "n" carbon atoms and "m" hydrogen atoms. - The molar mass of the alkene = (n * 12.01 g/mol) + (m * 1.01 g/mol) - We need to find the values of "n" and "m" to calculate the molar mass of the alkene.

2. Calculate the number of moles of the alcohol: - Given yield of the reaction = 90% - Number of moles of the alkene = mass of the alkene / molar mass of the alkene - Number of moles of the alcohol = Number of moles of the alkene / yield

3. Determine the structure of the alcohol: - Based on the number of carbon atoms in the alkene and the number of hydrogen atoms in the alcohol, we can determine the possible structures of the alcohol.

4. Determine the IUPAC name of the alcohol: - Once we have determined the structure of the alcohol, we can assign its IUPAC name based on the number of carbon atoms and the functional group present.

Please note that the above steps provide a general approach to solving the problem. To provide a more specific solution, we need the values of the molar mass of the alkene and the number of carbon atoms in the alkene.

Let me know if you have any specific values or if you need further assistance with the problem.