Question

СРОЧНОО у трьох пробірках містяться розчини: 1) магній хлориду, 2) магній броміду і 3) магній йодиду. Як, користуючись одним реактивом, розрізнити речовини у цих пробірках? Напишіть молекулярні та йонно-молекулярні рівняння реакцій.​

Answer 1

Differentiating Substances in the Test Tubes

To differentiate the substances in the three test tubes containing solutions of magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, and magnesium iodide, we can use specific reagents that will react differently with each substance. By observing the resulting reactions, we can identify the substances present in each test tube.

Reaction with Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)

Silver nitrate (AgNO3) can be used to differentiate between chloride, bromide, and iodide ions. Here are the reactions that occur when silver nitrate is added to each test tube:

1. Reaction with Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2): - Molecular Equation: MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgCl - Ionic Equation: Mg2+ + 2Cl- + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- → Mg2+ + 2NO3- + 2AgCl - Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+ + 2Cl- → 2AgCl

In the presence of silver nitrate, magnesium chloride will form a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl).

2. Reaction with Magnesium Bromide (MgBr2): - Molecular Equation: MgBr2 + 2AgNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgBr - Ionic Equation: Mg2+ + 2Br- + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- → Mg2+ + 2NO3- + 2AgBr - Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+ + 2Br- → 2AgBr

When silver nitrate is added to magnesium bromide, a cream-colored precipitate of silver bromide (AgBr) will form.

3. Reaction with Magnesium Iodide (MgI2): - Molecular Equation: MgI2 + 2AgNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgI - Ionic Equation: Mg2+ + 2I- + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- → Mg2+ + 2NO3- + 2AgI - Net Ionic Equation: 2Ag+ + 2I- → 2AgI

In the presence of silver nitrate, magnesium iodide will produce a yellow precipitate of silver iodide (AgI).

By observing the color and appearance of the precipitates formed in each test tube, we can differentiate between magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, and magnesium iodide.

Note: It is important to perform these reactions in a controlled laboratory setting and follow proper safety protocols.

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