Question

как изменяется активность щелочных металлов с увеличение радиуса атомов,с увеличением зарядов ядер атома?

Answer 1

Ответ:

В пределах периода с увеличением заряда ядра радиус атома уменьшается, т. к растёт кулоновское притяжение между положительно заряженным ядром и отрицательно заряженными электронами, а все новые электроны в пределах одного периода прибавляются к одному и тому же энергетическому уровню.

Answer 2

How does the activity of alkali metals change with increasing atomic radius and increasing nuclear charge?

The activity of alkali metals, such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), and cesium (Cs), generally increases with increasing atomic radius and decreasing nuclear charge. Alkali metals are located in Group 1 of the periodic table and are known for their high reactivity and tendency to lose one electron to form a +1 cation.

As we move down the group, the atomic radius of alkali metals increases due to the addition of new electron shells. This increase in atomic radius leads to a decrease in the effective nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electron. The outermost electron is shielded from the positive charge of the nucleus by the inner electrons, resulting in a weaker attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron. As a result, the outermost electron is more easily lost, leading to increased reactivity.

Additionally, the increasing atomic radius allows for greater electron-electron repulsion within the outermost electron shell. This repulsion further weakens the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron, making it easier for the electron to be removed.

It is important to note that while the general trend is for alkali metals to become more reactive as atomic radius increases, there may be some exceptions or variations due to other factors such as electron configuration and the presence of additional electron shells.