Question

Чем эритроциты человека отличаются от эритроцитов лягушки

Answer 1

1) У человеческих эритроцитов нет ядра, эритроциты лягушки ядерные. 
2) Эритроциты человека имеют форму двояковогнутого диска, а эритроциты лягушки овальные. 
3) Эритроциты человека в диаметре 7-8 мкм, эритроциты лягушки 15-20 мкм в длину и около10 мкм в ширину и толщину. 

Answer 2

1. Эритроциты человека, в отличие от эритроцитов лягушки, не имеют ядра и приобрели двояковогнутую форму. 

2. Эритроциты человека переносят больше кислорода, чем эритроциты лягушки. Это объясняется, с одной стороны, тем, что эритроцит человека меньше по размерам, чем эритроцит лягушки, и поэтому быстрее переносятся током крови. С другой стороны, утратив ядро, эритроциты человека приобрели двояковогнутую форму, что значительно увеличило их поверхность и позволило одновременно переносить большое количество молекул кислорода.

Answer 3

Difference between Human and Frog Red Blood Cells

Human red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, differ from frog red blood cells in several ways. Here are some key differences:

1. Size and Shape: - Human erythrocytes are typically 7-8 micrometers in diameter, while frog erythrocytes are larger, measuring 21-24 micrometers in diameter. - Human erythrocytes have a biconcave disc shape, which allows for increased surface area and flexibility. Frog erythrocytes, on the other hand, have a more oval or elliptical shape.

2. Nucleus: - Human erythrocytes do not have a nucleus, as it is expelled during their maturation process. This absence of a nucleus allows for more space to carry oxygen and increases flexibility. Frog erythrocytes, however, retain their nucleus even in their mature form.

3. Hemoglobin Content: - Hemoglobin is the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Human erythrocytes contain a higher concentration of hemoglobin compared to frog erythrocytes. - The high hemoglobin content in human erythrocytes allows for efficient oxygen transport, while frog erythrocytes have a lower hemoglobin content.

4. Lifespan: - Human erythrocytes have a lifespan of approximately 120 days before they are removed from circulation and broken down by the spleen and liver. - Frog erythrocytes have a shorter lifespan compared to humans, but the exact lifespan may vary depending on the species.

5. Metabolism: - Human erythrocytes rely primarily on glycolysis for energy production, as they lack mitochondria. Frog erythrocytes, on the other hand, have mitochondria and can generate energy through both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

6. Carbon Dioxide Transport: - Human erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) through a series of chemical reactions. This process helps maintain the pH balance in the blood. - Frog erythrocytes also transport carbon dioxide, but the exact mechanism may differ from humans.

It's important to note that while these are general differences between human and frog erythrocytes, there may be variations within different species of frogs. Additionally, the functions and characteristics of erythrocytes can vary across different organisms, reflecting their specific physiological needs and adaptations.

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