Question

Помогите очень срочно надо!!!!!! Строение спорофита у хвоща, плауна и папоротника? Строение гаметофита у хвоща, плауна и папоротника? Пожалуйста люди помогите дам 34 балла только помогите.

Answer 1

В отличие от моховидных они имеют покровные, механические и проводящие ткани. Проводящие ткани представлены водопроводящей системой — древесиной и лубом. Проводящие ткани корня и побега образуют вместе единый центральный цилиндр — стелу (от греч. стеле – "столб", "колонна"). По ней осуществляется восходящий ток воды с минеральными солями (по древесине) и нисходящий ток органических веществ (по лубу).

У папоротников, хвощей и плаунов, гаметофит — маленькая пластинка-заросток, а спорофит — зеленое многолетнее растение, имеющее корень, стебель и листья.

Answer 2

Structure of Sporophyte in Horsetails, Clubmosses, and Ferns

The sporophyte is the dominant phase in the life cycle of horsetails, clubmosses, and ferns. It is the stage where spores are produced and eventually develop into gametophytes. The structure of the sporophyte in these plants can be described as follows:

1. Horsetails (Equisetum): - The sporophyte of horsetails consists of an underground rhizome and an aboveground aerial stem. - The aerial stem is divided into distinct segments, known as internodes, which are separated by nodes. - At each node, there are whorls of small, scale-like leaves. - The sporangia, which produce spores, are located in cone-like structures called strobili at the tips of the stems. - The spores are released from the sporangia and dispersed by wind.

2. Clubmosses (Lycopodium and Selaginella): - The sporophyte of clubmosses is also characterized by an underground rhizome and an aboveground aerial stem. - The aerial stem is typically branched and bears small, scale-like leaves. - The sporangia are located in compact structures called strobili at the tips of the branches. - The spores are released from the sporangia and dispersed by wind.

3. Ferns (Filicophyta): - The sporophyte of ferns consists of an underground rhizome and an aboveground frond. - The frond is a large, leaf-like structure that is typically divided into smaller leaflets called pinnae. - The sporangia are usually found on the undersides of the fronds, clustered in structures called sori. - Each sorus contains numerous sporangia, which release spores when mature. - The spores are dispersed by various means, including wind and water.

Structure of Gametophyte in Horsetails, Clubmosses, and Ferns

The gametophyte is the haploid phase in the life cycle of horsetails, clubmosses, and ferns. It is the stage where gametes are produced and fertilization occurs. The structure of the gametophyte in these plants can be described as follows:

1. Horsetails (Equisetum): - The gametophyte of horsetails is a small, independent plant that develops from a spore. - It is typically green and photosynthetic. - The male gametophyte produces antheridia, which are structures that produce sperm. - The female gametophyte produces archegonia, which are structures that produce eggs. - Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to the archegonia and fertilize the eggs.

2. Clubmosses (Lycopodium and Selaginella): - The gametophyte of clubmosses is also a small, independent plant that develops from a spore. - It is typically green and photosynthetic. - The male gametophyte produces antheridia, which are structures that produce sperm. - The female gametophyte produces archegonia, which are structures that produce eggs. - Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to the archegonia and fertilize the eggs.

3. Ferns (Filicophyta): - The gametophyte of ferns is typically a small, independent plant that develops from a spore. - It is usually heart-shaped and green. - The male gametophyte produces antheridia, which are structures that produce sperm. - The female gametophyte produces archegonia, which are structures that produce eggs. - Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to the archegonia and fertilize the eggs.

Please note that the above information is based on general knowledge about the structure of sporophytes and gametophytes in horsetails, clubmosses, and ferns. For more specific and detailed information, it is recommended to consult reliable botanical textbooks or academic sources.