Question

Что относится к энергетическому обмену?1. Ферментативное расщепление гликогена2. Разборка мембран отслуживших свой срок органелл3. Самосборка биомембран4. Окисление глюкозы до молочной кислоты5. Самоудвоение ДНК 6. Биосинтез РНК на матрице ДНК7. Спиртовое брожение8. Присоединение жирных кислот к глицерину с образованием жиров9. Биосинтез глюкозы из диоксида углерода при участии света

Answer 1

Кажется 1, 7 или 9. Точно не помню

Answer 2

What is included in energy metabolism?

Energy metabolism involves various processes that occur within cells to generate and utilize energy. Several of the processes mentioned in your question are related to energy metabolism. Let's go through each of them:

1. Fermentative breakdown of glycogen: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals and humans. During periods of low energy availability, glycogen can be broken down through a process called glycogenolysis to release glucose for energy production [[1]].

2. Disassembly of aged organelles: Cells constantly undergo turnover and renewal of their organelles. When organelles reach the end of their functional lifespan, they are broken down through a process called autophagy. This breakdown allows the recycling of cellular components and the release of energy [[2]].

3. Self-assembly of biomembranes: Biomembranes are essential structures that surround cells and organelles. The synthesis and assembly of biomembranes require energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) [[3]].

4. Oxidation of glucose to lactic acid: Glucose is a major source of energy for cells. In the absence of sufficient oxygen, glucose can be partially oxidized through a process called anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in the production of lactic acid. This process is important in situations where oxygen supply is limited, such as during intense exercise [[4]].

5. DNA replication: DNA replication is a fundamental process in which the genetic material is duplicated before cell division. This process requires energy in the form of ATP to drive the synthesis of new DNA strands [[5]].

6. RNA synthesis on DNA template: RNA synthesis, also known as transcription, is the process by which RNA molecules are synthesized using DNA as a template. This process requires energy in the form of ATP to drive the assembly of RNA nucleotides into a growing RNA strand [[6]].

7. Alcoholic fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation is a metabolic process in which glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by certain microorganisms, such as yeast. This process is used in the production of alcoholic beverages and also plays a role in some biological processes [[7]].

8. Attachment of fatty acids to glycerol to form fats: Fatty acids are important energy sources and building blocks for various cellular components. They can be attached to glycerol molecules through a process called esterification, forming triglycerides or fats. This process requires energy in the form of ATP [[8]].

9. Biosynthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide with the help of light: This process, known as photosynthesis, occurs in plants and some microorganisms. It involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis is a key process in the production of carbohydrates and the release of oxygen into the atmosphere [[9]].

These processes are all part of the broader energy metabolism that occurs within cells. They involve the conversion, utilization, and storage of energy in various forms to support cellular functions and maintain homeostasis.

I hope this provides a detailed explanation of the processes related to energy metabolism that you mentioned. Let me know if you have any further questions!