Question

Что такое сапротрофы

Answer 1

САПРОТРОФЫ (от греч. saprds — гнилой и trophe — пища, питание) , организмы, использующие в качестве источников питания мёртвые органич. субстраты. Развиваются на органич. в-вах почвы, навозе, компостах, отмерших тканях или полуразложившихся остатках растений и животных, готовой с. -х. продукции, древесине разл. сооружений и т. п. С. хорошо растут на искусств. питат. средах. Обширную группу составляют облигатные (обязательные, истинные) С. , к-рые ведут только сапротрофный образ жизни и не способны к паразитич. существованию. К ним относят сапрофитов — большинство видов грибов, бактерий и актиномицетов, а также сапрофагов.

Answer 2

САПРОТРОФЫ. (от греч. sapros — гнилой и ...троф) , гетеротрофные организмы, использующие для питания органич. соединения мёртвых тел или выделения (экскременты) животных. пр. Mucor = мукор, Penicillium.= пенициллум 
разные бактерии, грибы, жук навозник

Answer 3

What are saprotrophs?

Saprotrophs, also known as saprophytes, are organisms that obtain their nutrition by decomposing dead organic matter. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by breaking down complex organic compounds into simpler forms, releasing nutrients back into the environment. This process is called decomposition.

Saprotrophs can be found in various ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, and aquatic environments. They are responsible for the decomposition of dead plants, animals, and other organic materials such as fallen leaves, wood, and animal carcasses. By breaking down these materials, saprotrophs recycle nutrients and contribute to the nutrient cycle.

How do saprotrophs obtain nutrients?

Saprotrophs use extracellular digestion to obtain nutrients from dead organic matter. They secrete enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, and cellulases, into their surroundings. These enzymes break down complex organic compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the saprotrophs.

Once the organic matter is broken down, saprotrophs absorb the nutrients through their cell walls or specialized structures, such as hyphae in fungi. They then use these nutrients for their own growth and reproduction.

Examples of saprotrophs

Saprotrophs can be found in various groups of organisms, including fungi, bacteria, and some protists. Here are a few examples:

1. Fungi: Many fungi are saprotrophs and play a vital role in decomposition. They secrete enzymes to break down organic matter and absorb the nutrients. Examples of saprotrophic fungi include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.

2. Bacteria: Certain bacteria are also saprotrophs. They decompose organic matter and contribute to the nutrient cycle. For example, bacteria of the genus Vibrio are known to decompose organic matter in aquatic environments.

3. Protists: Some protists, such as amoebas and slime molds, can also act as saprotrophs. They feed on dead organic matter and contribute to the decomposition process.

Importance of saprotrophs in the ecosystem

Saprotrophs play a crucial role in the ecosystem by recycling nutrients and breaking down dead organic matter. Here are a few key points highlighting their importance:

1. Nutrient recycling: Saprotrophs break down complex organic compounds into simpler forms, releasing nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the environment. These nutrients can then be used by other organisms, including plants, for growth and development.

2. Decomposition: Saprotrophs help decompose dead plants, animals, and other organic materials, preventing the accumulation of organic waste. This process is essential for maintaining a healthy ecosystem and preventing the spread of diseases.

3. Energy flow: By decomposing organic matter, saprotrophs release energy stored in the dead material. This energy can be transferred to other organisms in the food chain, supporting the overall energy flow in the ecosystem.

4. Soil formation: Saprotrophs contribute to the formation of soil by breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients. This helps improve soil fertility and supports plant growth.

In conclusion, saprotrophs are organisms that decompose dead organic matter and play a vital role in nutrient recycling, decomposition, energy flow, and soil formation in ecosystems. They include fungi, bacteria, and some protists.