Question

Як структура днк пов'язана з її властивостями і функціями в живих організмах

Answer 1

За допомогою днк все передаеться від батьків  нащадки на них дуже схожі а функції залежать від того як вас народила мати зздоровим чи ні

Answer 2

Они связаны генами отца и матери и это всё не точно
 

Answer 3

Structure of DNA

The structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is closely related to its properties and functions in living organisms. DNA is a double-stranded molecule that carries the genetic information of an organism. It consists of two long chains of nucleotides that are twisted together to form a double helix structure.

Each nucleotide in DNA is composed of three components: a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The nucleotides are connected by covalent bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups, forming the backbone of the DNA molecule. The nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds, with A always pairing with T and C always pairing with G. This complementary base pairing allows DNA to replicate and transmit genetic information accurately during cell division.

Properties of DNA

The structure of DNA gives rise to several important properties:

1. Genetic Information Storage: DNA serves as the primary storage molecule for genetic information in living organisms. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the genetic code, which contains instructions for the synthesis of proteins and the regulation of cellular processes.

2. Stability: The double-stranded helical structure of DNA provides stability to the molecule. The hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs help maintain the integrity of the DNA molecule, preventing it from easily breaking apart.

3. Replication: The structure of DNA allows for accurate replication of genetic information. During DNA replication, the two strands of the double helix separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process ensures that each new DNA molecule contains an identical copy of the original genetic information.

4. Mutability: While DNA is generally stable, it can undergo changes or mutations. Mutations can occur due to errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagenic agents, or other factors. These mutations can lead to genetic variation, which is important for evolution and adaptation in living organisms.

Functions of DNA

The structure of DNA enables it to perform several essential functions in living organisms:

1. Genetic Inheritance: DNA carries the genetic information from one generation to the next. It is passed on from parents to offspring during reproduction, ensuring the transmission of traits and characteristics.

2. Protein Synthesis: DNA contains the instructions for protein synthesis. The genetic code in DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form proteins. Proteins are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of cells and organisms.

3. Gene Expression: DNA regulates gene expression, determining which genes are turned on or off in different cells and at different times. This regulation is crucial for the development, growth, and specialization of cells and tissues.

4. Evolutionary Adaptation: DNA mutations and genetic variation contribute to evolutionary adaptation. Changes in the DNA sequence can lead to the emergence of new traits and characteristics, allowing organisms to adapt to changing environments over time.

In summary, the structure of DNA, with its double-stranded helical arrangement and complementary base pairing, is closely linked to its properties and functions in living organisms. DNA serves as the storage molecule for genetic information, provides stability and replication capabilities, and plays a central role in genetic inheritance, protein synthesis, gene expression, and evolutionary adaptation.