Question

Какое строение лишайников

Answer 1

Вот лишайники, строение и дополнительные сведения) 

Answer 2

Structure of Lichens

Lichens are unique organisms that consist of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium. The structure of lichens can vary depending on the specific species, but they generally have a few common components.

1. Fungal Component: The fungal component of lichens is called the mycobiont. It provides the structural framework and protection for the lichen. The fungal hyphae form a network that surrounds and holds the algal or cyanobacterial cells.

2. Algal or Cyanobacterial Component: The algal or cyanobacterial component of lichens is called the photobiont. It is responsible for photosynthesis, producing organic compounds that both the fungus and the photobiont can use for energy.

3. Thallus: The thallus is the main body of the lichen and is composed of the intertwined fungal hyphae and the algal or cyanobacterial cells. The thallus can have various forms, such as crustose (crusty), foliose (leaf-like), or fruticose (shrubby).

4. Cortex: The outermost layer of the lichen thallus is called the cortex. It is composed of densely packed fungal hyphae and provides protection against desiccation and environmental stresses.

5. Medulla: The medulla is the inner layer of the lichen thallus. It contains loosely arranged fungal hyphae and provides a suitable environment for the algal or cyanobacterial cells to carry out photosynthesis.

6. Rhizines: Some lichens have specialized structures called rhizines, which are used for attachment to substrates. Rhizines can be hair-like or root-like structures that anchor the lichen to rocks, soil, or other surfaces.

7. Reproductive Structures: Lichens can reproduce through various means. They can produce asexual structures called soredia or isidia, which are small clusters of fungal hyphae and algal or cyanobacterial cells. Lichens can also produce sexual structures, such as apothecia or perithecia, which contain the reproductive cells.

Overall, the structure of lichens is a result of the unique symbiotic relationship between the fungus and the alga or cyanobacterium. This relationship allows lichens to survive in diverse environments, including extreme conditions like deserts and polar regions.