Question

Верны ли следующие утверждения: А) Грибы в экосистемах выполняют роль разрушителей Б) Среди грибов нет паразитов человека 1) Верно только А 2) Верно только Б 3) оба варианта верны 4)оба варианта неверны Для лишайников характерно: 1) образование тканей и органов 2)размножение спорами 3)высокая интенсивность фотосинтеза 4)медленный рост Перечислите экологически группы грибов и их значение в природе?

Answer 1

1) оба варианта не верны
2) 2
трутовики,хищники, сапротрофы- их роль как и еда для нас так и отрава, тз них делают лекарства, химию, используют в промышленных предприятиях.

Answer 2

Factual Questions:

Question 1: Are the following statements true? A) Fungi in ecosystems play the role of decomposers. B) There are no human parasites among fungi. 1) Only A is true. 2) Only B is true. 3) Both statements are true. 4) Both statements are false.

Answer 1: The correct answer is 3) Both statements are true.

A) Fungi in ecosystems do play the role of decomposers. They break down dead organic matter and recycle nutrients back into the environment [[1]].

B) While there are fungal infections that can affect humans, there are no known human parasites among fungi. Fungi can cause diseases in humans, but they do not typically live as parasites within the human body [[2]].

[[1]] Source: [Encyclopedia Britannica - Fungus - Ecological importance](https://www.britannica.com/science/fungus/Ecological-importance) [[2]] Source: [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Fungal Diseases](https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/index.html)

Question 2: Which of the following characteristics are typical for lichens? 1) Formation of tissues and organs. 2) Reproduction by spores. 3) High intensity of photosynthesis. 4) Slow growth.

Answer 2: The characteristics typical for lichens are: 1) Formation of tissues and organs. 2) Reproduction by spores. 3) Slow growth.

Lichens are unique organisms that result from a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They do not have true tissues and organs like plants do, but they form structures that resemble them. Lichens reproduce by producing spores, which can be dispersed to new locations. Lichens generally have a slow growth rate, and their growth can be influenced by environmental conditions such as moisture and nutrient availability [[3]].

[[3]] Source: [Encyclopedia Britannica - Lichen - Characteristics](https://www.britannica.com/science/lichen/Characteristics)

Question 3: List the ecological groups of fungi and their significance in nature.

Answer 3: Fungi can be classified into different ecological groups based on their roles and interactions in nature. Some of the ecological groups of fungi and their significance include:

1) Decomposers: Fungi play a crucial role as decomposers in ecosystems. They break down dead organic matter, such as fallen leaves, wood, and animal remains, and recycle nutrients back into the environment. This process is essential for nutrient cycling and the overall health of ecosystems [[1]].

2) Mycorrhizal fungi: These fungi form mutualistic associations with the roots of plants. They help plants absorb nutrients, especially phosphorus, from the soil, and in return, they receive sugars produced by the plants through photosynthesis. This symbiotic relationship is vital for the growth and survival of many plant species [[4]].

3) Pathogens: Some fungi are pathogens that cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. They can have significant impacts on agricultural crops, forest ecosystems, and human health. Examples include fungal diseases in crops like wheat rust and diseases in humans like athlete's foot and ringworm [[5]].

4) Endophytic fungi: These fungi live inside plant tissues without causing any apparent harm to the host plant. They can enhance the plant's resistance to environmental stresses, such as drought and disease, and promote plant growth [[6]].

5) Symbiotic fungi in insects: Certain fungi form symbiotic relationships with insects, such as ants and termites. These fungi help break down plant material and provide nutrition to the insects, while the insects protect and cultivate the fungi [[7]].

These are just a few examples of the ecological groups of fungi and their significance in nature. Fungi have diverse roles and interactions, making them essential components of ecosystems worldwide.

[[1]] Source: [Encyclopedia Britannica - Fungus - Ecological importance](https://www.britannica.com/science/fungus/Ecological-importance) [[4]] Source: [Encyclopedia Britannica - Mycorrhiza - Ecological importance](https://www.britannica.com/science/mycorrhiza/Ecological-importance) [[5]] Source: [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Fungal Diseases](https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/index.html) [[6]] Source: [ScienceDirect - Endophytic Fungi](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/endophytic-fungi) [[7]] Source: [Encyclopedia Britannica - Fungus - Symbiotic relationships with insects](https://www.britannica.com/science/fungus/Symbiotic-relationships-with-insects)