Question

Функции различных органоидов и частей клетки

Answer 1

1)Цитоплазма - обмен веществ
2)ЭПС - роль кровеносной системы
3)Ядро - наследственная роль
4)Мембрана или клеточная стенка у растении и грибов - полупроницательность
5)Митохондрия - энергетическая станция клетки, вырабатывается энергия
6)Рибосомы - синтез белков
7)Комплекс Гольджи - накопление
8) Вакуоль - содержит клеточный сок..рост клетки развитие..кладовая клетки и еще "мусорное ведро" т.е. выводятся ненужные отходы клетки
9)Лизосома - автолиз — то есть расщепление отдельных органоидов, участков цитоплазмы клетки. 

Answer 2

Functions of Various Cell Organelles and Parts

The functions of different cell organelles and parts are crucial for the overall functioning of a cell. Here are some key functions:

1. Nucleus: - The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains genetic material. - It regulates cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

2. Mitochondria: - Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. - They are involved in various metabolic activities and play a crucial role in apoptosis (programmed cell death).

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): - The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids. - It also plays a role in detoxification and storage of calcium ions.

4. Golgi Apparatus: - The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transportation to various parts of the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

5. Lysosomes: - Lysosomes are involved in the digestion and recycling of cellular waste and foreign materials through the action of hydrolytic enzymes. - They also play a role in cell signaling and energy metabolism.

6. Cytoskeleton: - The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell and is involved in cell movement, cell division, and intracellular transport. - It consists of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

7. Cell Membrane: - The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell and provides structural support. - It also plays a role in cell signaling and cell recognition.

8. Ribosomes: - Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell, where mRNA is translated into proteins. - They can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

9. Vacuoles: - Vacuoles are storage organelles that store various substances such as water, nutrients, and waste products. - They also play a role in maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells and can act as a space filler in animal cells.

10. Cytoplasm: - The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance within the cell where various organelles are suspended. - It is involved in various cellular processes and provides a medium for the movement of organelles.

Understanding the functions of these cell organelles and parts is essential for comprehending the complex processes that occur within a cell.