Question

С какими проблемами столкнулись растения при выходе на сушу?

Answer 1

Животные, люди. Вредные бактерии, засуха.

Answer 2

Problems Faced by Plants When Transitioning to Land

When plants transitioned from water to land, they encountered several challenges that shaped their evolution and adaptation to terrestrial life.

1. Water and Nutrient Absorption: Plants faced the challenge of developing structures to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, as they were no longer immersed in water. This led to the evolution of roots and specialized structures for water and mineral uptake.

2. Reproduction: Reproduction also posed a challenge, as plants needed to adapt to a new environment for dispersal of gametes and protection of embryos. This led to the development of structures such as seeds and pollen for reproduction on land.

3. Structural Support: The need for structural support to counteract the force of gravity was another challenge. This led to the evolution of specialized tissues, such as lignin-containing cells, to provide structural support for plants to grow upright.

4. Desiccation: Desiccation, or drying out, was a significant challenge for early land plants. They had to develop strategies to prevent water loss and survive in drier environments. This led to the evolution of waxy cuticles and stomata to regulate gas exchange and minimize water loss.

5. UV Radiation: Exposure to UV radiation was a new challenge for plants on land. They had to develop mechanisms to protect themselves from the damaging effects of UV radiation, leading to the evolution of UV-absorbing pigments and other protective mechanisms.

In summary, the transition of plants from water to land presented challenges related to water and nutrient absorption, reproduction, structural support, desiccation, and protection from UV radiation. These challenges drove the evolution of various adaptations that allowed plants to thrive in terrestrial environments.