Question

Які механізми забезпечують рухи в рослин?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Вищі рослини — переважно автотрофні організми, для яких джерелом енергії є світло, а джерелами поживних речовин — повітря і ґрунт. Намагаючись збільшити поглинання світла, вуглекислого газу, води та мінералів, рослини набули розгалуженої форми і глибоко занурились у субстрат. Розплатою за це стала втрата здатності до пересування у просторі. У цих умовах необхідність відшукувати оптимально освітлені й насичені водою ділянки та захищатися від ворогів спонукала рослини до пошуку нових способів руху: ростових та тургорних.

Answer 2

Mechanisms that Enable Movement in Plants

Plants have various mechanisms that enable them to move. These mechanisms are essential for their growth, reproduction, and response to environmental stimuli. Let's explore some of the key mechanisms that facilitate movement in plants:

1. Growth Movements: Plants exhibit growth movements in response to external stimuli such as light, gravity, and touch. These movements are known as tropisms. The two main types of tropisms are phototropism (response to light) and gravitropism (response to gravity). Phototropism allows plants to grow towards a light source, while gravitropism enables them to orient their growth in relation to gravity.

2. Nutrient and Water Absorption: Plants have specialized structures, such as roots and root hairs, that enable them to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The roots grow towards areas with higher concentrations of nutrients, a process known as chemotropism. Additionally, plants can adjust the opening and closing of their stomata to regulate water loss through a process called hydrotropism.

3. Circadian Rhythms: Plants have internal biological clocks that regulate their physiological processes based on the time of day. These circadian rhythms control various aspects of plant growth and development, including leaf movement, stomatal opening and closing, and flower blooming. The circadian clock allows plants to synchronize their activities with environmental conditions, such as light and temperature changes.

4. Nastic Movements: Nastic movements are rapid, reversible movements in response to external stimuli that do not involve growth. These movements are independent of the direction of the stimulus and are typically observed in plant parts such as leaves and petals. Examples of nastic movements include the folding of leaves in response to touch (thigmonasty) and the opening and closing of flowers in response to light (nyctinasty).

5. Turgor Movements: Turgor movements occur due to changes in the water content of plant cells. When plant cells absorb or lose water, they undergo changes in turgor pressure, which can result in movement. For example, the opening and closing of stomata are controlled by changes in turgor pressure in the guard cells. Turgor movements also play a role in the movement of certain plant parts, such as the Venus flytrap's rapid closure in response to prey.

These are just a few examples of the mechanisms that enable movement in plants. Each mechanism is essential for the survival and adaptation of plants in their respective environments.