Question

Какие части обязательны для клетки?почему?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Ядро, цитоплазма мембрана и ризосома

Объяснение:

В ядре находится днк, в цитоплазме находятся все части клетки мембрана дает клетке форму а ризосома энергию

Answer 2

Parts of a Cell

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is composed of various parts that work together to carry out essential functions. The main parts of a cell include:

1. Cell Membrane: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell. It separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

2. Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell. It contains various organelles, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes. The cytoplasm also contains cytosol, which is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

3. Nucleus: The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material, DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's activities. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains a nucleolus, which is involved in the production of ribosomes.

4. Mitochondria: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell. They are responsible for producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from ancient bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral cells.

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules and sacs that are involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins and lipids. There are two types of ER: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

6. Golgi Apparatus: The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations within or outside the cell. It consists of a series of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae.

7. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are small, spherical organelles that are involved in protein synthesis. They can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the instructions encoded in the mRNA (messenger RNA) and assemble amino acids into proteins.

8. Vacuoles: Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that are involved in various functions, such as storage of water, ions, and nutrients, as well as the maintenance of turgor pressure in plant cells. In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and less prominent compared to plant cells.

9. Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They are involved in the breakdown of waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances, as well as the recycling of cellular components.

10. Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support and helps maintain the shape of the cell. It is involved in various cellular processes, such as cell division, cell movement, and intracellular transport.

11. Centrioles (in animal cells): Centrioles are cylindrical structures composed of microtubules. They play a crucial role in cell division by organizing the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.

12. Cell Wall (in plant cells): The cell wall is a rigid outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. It provides structural support and protection to the cell.

13. Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Why are these parts necessary?

Each part of the cell has a specific function that contributes to the overall survival and functioning of the organism. Here are some reasons why these parts are necessary:

- The cell membrane is essential for maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. - The nucleus contains the genetic material and controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression. - Mitochondria produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration. - The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are involved in protein and lipid synthesis, modification, and transport. - Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. - Vacuoles store water, ions, and nutrients, and help maintain cell turgor pressure. - Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris. - The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps with cell movement and division. - Centrioles play