Question

Каким способом можно создать химеру(из разных видов растений, животных) без генетических манипуляций?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

Химера — организм, состоящий из генетически разнородных клеток. У животных химерами называют организмы, клетки которых происходят от двух и более зигот. Химеризм у животных нужно отличать от мозаицизма — присутствия в одном организме генетически разнородных клеток, происходящих от одной зиготы[1]. Часто химерически построенными являются не целые организмы, а лишь их отдельные органы или части[2].

В 1907 году термин впервые применил немецкий ботаник Г. Винклер для форм растений, которые были получены в результате сращивания паслёна и томата[3].

В 1909 году Э. Баур, изучая пеларгонию пестролистную, выяснил природу данного явления[3].

Естественные химеры впервые описаны М. С. Навашиным. В частности, им были обнаружены химеры Crepis dioscoridis L.[3] и Crepis tectorum L.[4] Естественные гаплохламидные периклинальные химеры впервые описаны Л. П. Бреславец на примере отдельных географических рас конопли[5].

Answer 2

#### Creating a Chimera without Genetic Manipulation Creating a chimera, which is a hybrid organism composed of cells from different species, without genetic manipulation can be a complex task. While it is challenging to create a chimera without genetic manipulation, there are a few natural methods that can lead to the formation of chimeras. **1. Fusion of Embryos or Tissues:** One way to create a chimera without genetic manipulation is by fusing embryos or tissues from different species. This can occur naturally in certain situations, such as when two embryos fuse in the womb or when tissues from different organisms merge during development. However, this process is rare and not easily controllable. **2. Grafting:** Another method is grafting, where tissues from different species are physically joined together. This technique is commonly used in horticulture to create hybrid plants. By grafting a scion (the top part of one plant) onto a rootstock (the bottom part of another plant), it is possible to create a chimera plant that exhibits characteristics of both species. This method is also used in animal research to study tissue compatibility and transplantation. **3. Parasitic Relationships:** Some organisms, such as parasites, can form chimeras naturally. For example, certain parasitic wasps inject their eggs into the bodies of other insects. The wasp larvae then develop inside the host insect, using its tissues and resources to grow. In this case, the resulting organism is a chimera composed of cells from both the host and the parasite. It is important to note that these natural methods of chimera formation are relatively rare and occur under specific circumstances. Creating chimeras without genetic manipulation is not a common or easily achievable process. The majority of chimeras created in scientific research or for commercial purposes involve genetic manipulation techniques. I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.