Question

Все органоиды и их функции. Подробно!

Answer 1

Органоиды клеток бывают 2х типов мембранные: 
ярдо - хранение генетической информации 
комплекс гольджи - обеспечение клетки лизосомами 
лизосомы - пищеварительная функция 
перексисомы - ферментативное расщипление 
митохондрии/хлоропласты - обеспечение клетки энергией у животных клеток/ у растительных 
и не мембранные: 
рибосомы - синтез белка 
Эпс (эндоплазматическая сеть) - транспортная 
микротрубочки, микрофиламенты, клеточный центра - "скелет " клетки

Answer 2

Ядро-регулирует клеточную активность.содержит днк хранящую информацию о специфической последовательности аминокислот в белке.
цитоплазма-внутренняя среда клетки содержащая органоиды и осуществляющая связь между ними.
хромосомы-хранение и распределение генетической информации.
митохондрии-синтез атф в ходе окислительного фосфорилирования.
рибосомы-сборка белковых молекул.
эпс-транспорт веществ,связь органоидов клетки.
аппарат гольджи-преобразование накопление сортировка и упаковка белков.
лизосомы-внутриклеточное переваривание макромолекул пищи.
клеточная стенка-опорная и защитная оболочка растительных клеток.
пластиды-фотосинтез.
вакуоли-запасание жидкости и питательных веществ.
микротрубочки-образование цитоскелета клетки.
реснички и жгутики-перемещение клеток.
клеточный центр-участвует в организации цитоскелета клетки.

Answer 3

Organelles and Their Functions

Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions. Each organelle has a unique role in maintaining the overall function and health of the cell. Here are some of the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their functions:

1. Nucleus: - The nucleus is the control center of the cell. - It contains the cell's genetic material, DNA, which carries instructions for cell growth, development, and reproduction. - The nucleus regulates gene expression and controls the synthesis of proteins.

2. Mitochondria: - Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. - They generate energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. - Mitochondria have their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell.

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): - The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that extends throughout the cell. - It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, folding, and transport. - The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of proteins, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

4. Golgi Apparatus: - The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within the cell or secretion outside the cell. - It consists of a series of flattened sacs called cisternae.

5. Lysosomes: - Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. - They break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances through a process called hydrolysis. - Lysosomes also play a role in recycling cellular components through autophagy.

6. Peroxisomes: - Peroxisomes are involved in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances. - They contain enzymes that produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide.

7. Vacuoles: - Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that store water, ions, nutrients, and waste materials. - In plant cells, the central vacuole helps maintain turgor pressure, which contributes to cell rigidity.

8. Chloroplasts: - Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis. - They contain chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

9. Cytoskeleton: - The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support and maintains the shape of the cell. - It is involved in cell movement, cell division, and the transport of organelles within the cell.

10. Cell Membrane: - The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. - It consists of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins and other molecules.

These are just a few examples of organelles and their functions within eukaryotic cells. Each organelle contributes to the overall functioning and survival of the cell.