
Животные................... В почве


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Полезнейшие организмы,которые оыхлят землю и без них мы бы не могли собрать урожай



Animals in the Soil
Animals play a crucial role in the soil ecosystem. They contribute to nutrient cycling, decomposition, and soil structure formation. Here are some key points about animals in the soil:
1. Soil Fauna: Soil fauna refers to the diverse community of animals that live in the soil. This includes organisms such as earthworms, nematodes, mites, springtails, beetles, ants, and many others.
2. Functions: Soil animals perform various functions that are essential for soil health and fertility. Some of these functions include:
- Decomposition: Soil animals help break down organic matter, such as dead plant material and animal remains, into smaller particles. This process releases nutrients back into the soil. - Nutrient Cycling: Soil fauna play a vital role in nutrient cycling by consuming organic matter and excreting nutrient-rich waste. This helps to distribute nutrients throughout the soil profile and make them available to plants. - Soil Structure Formation: Animals like earthworms and burrowing insects create tunnels and channels in the soil, which improves soil structure and enhances water infiltration and aeration. - Predation and Herbivory: Some soil animals, such as predatory mites and nematodes, feed on other organisms in the soil, including plant pests. This helps to regulate populations and maintain ecological balance.
3. Impact on Plant Growth: Soil animals have a direct impact on plant growth and productivity. They enhance nutrient availability, improve soil structure, and promote root growth. For example, earthworms increase nutrient availability by breaking down organic matter and excreting nutrient-rich casts. They also improve soil structure, allowing roots to penetrate deeper and access water and nutrients.
4. Soil Food Web: Soil animals are part of a complex food web in the soil ecosystem. They interact with microorganisms, plants, and each other, forming intricate relationships. These interactions influence nutrient cycling, decomposition rates, and overall soil health.
5. Threats to Soil Fauna: Soil animals are vulnerable to various threats, including habitat destruction, pollution, and intensive agricultural practices. Pesticide use, excessive tillage, and the loss of organic matter can negatively impact soil fauna populations and diversity.
In conclusion, animals in the soil play a vital role in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and soil structure formation. They contribute to the overall health and fertility of the soil ecosystem, benefiting plant growth and productivity.
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