Question

Дайте определение государство и формы государства

Answer 1

Государство - 1. Политическая форма организации общества, осуществляющая управление обществом, охрану его экономической и социальной структуры. 
2. Страна с определенной политической системой. // Система органов управления. 
3. перен. Что-л. крупное, значительное, занимающее большую территорию и отличающееся определенной обособленностью, самостоятельностью. // Место обитания, распространения, преобладания кого-л., чего-л.

 

Выделяют три основных форм государства:

форму правления, форму территориального (государственного) устройства политический (государственный) режим.

Под формой правления обычно понимают организацию верховной государственной власти: ее высших и центральных органов, их компетенцию, взаимоотношения между собой и с населением.

 

Форма государственного устройства представляет собой административно-территориальную и национально-государственную организацию государственной власти, раскрывающую взаимоотношения между отдельными частями государства, в частности между центральными и местными органами.

 

Политический (государственный) режим, - это совокупность приемов, способов и методов, с помощь которых осуществляется государственная власть.

 

Answer 2

Definition of a State

A state is a political and territorial entity that exercises sovereignty over a defined geographic area and its population. It is characterized by having a government, a legal system, and the ability to make and enforce laws within its territory. The concept of a state is central to the field of political science and international relations, as it represents a fundamental unit of governance and a key actor in the international system.

Forms of Government

There are various forms of government that can exist within a state. These forms of government determine how power is distributed and exercised within the state. Here are some common forms of government:

1. Monarchy: A monarchy is a form of government in which a single individual, usually a hereditary monarch, holds supreme authority. The monarch may have limited or absolute powers, depending on the specific type of monarchy. Examples of monarchies include the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and Japan.

2. Democracy: Democracy is a form of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it either directly or through elected representatives. In a democracy, citizens have the right to participate in decision-making processes, such as voting in elections and engaging in public debate. Examples of democracies include the United States, Germany, and India.

3. Republic: A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter" and power is held by elected representatives. In a republic, the head of state is usually an elected president, rather than a hereditary monarch. Examples of republics include France, Italy, and the United States.

4. Dictatorship: A dictatorship is a form of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group of individuals. The dictator exercises absolute control over the state and its institutions, often through repressive means. Examples of dictatorships include North Korea, Cuba, and Zimbabwe.

5. Theocracy: A theocracy is a form of government in which religious leaders hold the highest positions of power. The laws and policies of the state are based on religious principles, and religious authorities have significant influence over governance. Examples of theocracies include Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Vatican City.

6. Oligarchy: An oligarchy is a form of government in which power is held by a small group of individuals, often based on wealth, social status, or military control. The ruling elite in an oligarchy typically exercise significant influence over the state and its policies. Examples of oligarchies include Russia, China, and some historical city-states in ancient Greece.

7. Anarchy: Anarchy refers to a state of society without a government or central authority. In an anarchic system, individuals and communities are left to govern themselves without a formal structure of governance. Anarchy is often seen as a theoretical concept rather than a practical form of government.

It is important to note that these forms of government can exist in various combinations and can evolve over time. The specific form of government in a state is influenced by historical, cultural, and political factors, as well as the preferences and values of its population.