Question

Единое, теоретическое последовательное толкование историческому процессу дали:а) Н. Данилевский и А. Тойнбиб) К. Маркс и Ф. Энгельс1) верно а)2) верно б)3) верны оба суждения4) оба суждения неверны

Answer 1

2) верно б) К.Маркс и Ф. Энгельс 
Как указывал Ф. Энгельс, логическое есть "не что иное, как отражение исторического процесса в абстрактной и и теоретически последовательной форме; отражение исправленное, но исправленное соответственно законам которые дает сам действительный исторический прогресс"

Answer 2

Analysis of the Question

This question asks us to analyze which thinkers or theories provided a unified, theoretical, and consistent interpretation of the historical process:

1) N. Danilevsky and A. Toynbee 2) K. Marx and F. Engels

We are then asked to select the correct answer from the following options:

1) Only a) is correct 2) Only b) is correct 3) Both a) and b) are correct 4) Both a) and b) are incorrect

My Assessment

N. Danilevsky and A. Toynbee sought to develop unified theories of history and civilizations. Danilevsky analyzed history from the perspective of separate civilizations, while Toynbee developed a theory of the rise and fall of civilizations .

K. Marx and F. Engels developed historical materialism, a materialist conception of history. They believed that the economic foundations of society determined its political and ideological superstructure, and that class struggle was the engine of historical change .

Based on this assessment, both N. Danilevsky/A. Toynbee and K. Marx/F. Engels attempted to provide a unified, theoretical, and consistent interpretation of the historical process. Therefore, the correct answer is 3) both a) and b) are correct.