Question

Документ. Из Федерального закона «О политических партиях» (июнь 2001 г.). <…> Статья 8. Основные принципы деятельности политических партий.Деятельность политических партий основывается на принципах добровольности, равноправия, самоуправления, законности и гласности. Политические партии свободны в определении своей внутренней структуры, целей, форм и методов деятельности, за исключением ограничений, установленных настоящим Федеральным законом.Деятельность политических партий не должна нарушать права и свободы человека и гражданина, гарантированные Конституцией Российской Федерации.Политические партии действуют гласно, информация об их учредительных и программных документах является общедоступной.Политические партии должны создавать мужчинам и женщинам, гражданам Российской Федерации разных национальностей, являющимся членами политической партии, равные возможности для представительства в руководящих органах политической партии, в списках кандидатов в депутаты и на иные выборные должности в органах государственной власти и органах местного самоуправления. Вопросы и задания к документу 1) Как вы понимаете каждый из принципов, названных в пункте 1 статьи 8 документа: добровольность, равноправие, самоуправление, законность, гласность?2) В чём заключается значение гласности в деятельности политических партий? Где и как любой гражданин может получить информацию о деятельности партий? 3) Объясните, как связаны нормы, установленные этой статьёй, с участием политических партий в выборах? 4) Приведите примеры деятельности какой-либо партии на выборах.

Answer 1

1)Добровольность-все члены партии вступают туда по своей воле. Нельзя принудить кого-либо!
Равноправие-все граждане имеют равные права, несмотря на пол, национальность, отношение к религии и т.д.
Самоуправление-деятельность партии организуется самостоятельно ее членами.
Законность-деятельность партии не должна противоречить Конституции и др. законам РФ.
Гласность-информация о своей деятельность не скрывается от населения и законодательных органов.
2) гласность - это открытость и доступность информации. Любой гражданин может получить информацию из СМИ.
3)Эти нормы устанавливают для всех партий равный права на выборах в органы гос. власти.
4) партии могут: агитировать людей стать избирателями именно этой партии. Партия распространяет информацию о своей программе на телевидении, в газетах , чтобы как можно больше людей заинтересовалось ей.

Answer 2

Article 8 of the Federal Law "On Political Parties"

Article 8 of the Federal Law "On Political Parties" establishes the fundamental principles of political party activity in Russia. These principles include voluntariness, equality, self-governance, legality, and transparency. Political parties are free to determine their internal structure, goals, forms, and methods of activity, except for the limitations set by the law. The activities of political parties should not violate the rights and freedoms of individuals guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Political parties operate transparently, and information about their founding and programmatic documents is publicly accessible. Political parties must provide equal opportunities for men and women, as well as citizens of different nationalities who are members of the political party, to be represented in the governing bodies of the political party, candidate lists for deputies, and other elected positions in state authorities and local self-government bodies.

Understanding the Principles

1) Voluntariness: This principle means that political party membership and participation are voluntary and not imposed on individuals. Political parties cannot force individuals to join or participate against their will.

2) Equality: The principle of equality ensures that all members of a political party have equal rights and opportunities to participate in decision-making processes and hold leadership positions. It prohibits discrimination based on gender, nationality, or any other grounds.

3) Self-governance: Self-governance means that political parties have the autonomy to determine their internal structure, rules, and procedures. They can establish their own decision-making mechanisms and organizational hierarchy.

4) Legality: The principle of legality requires political parties to operate within the framework of the law. They must comply with legal requirements, including registration procedures, financial reporting, and adherence to electoral regulations.

5) Transparency: Transparency refers to the openness and accessibility of information about political parties. It ensures that the public can obtain information about the founding documents, programmatic goals, activities, and financial operations of political parties. This transparency allows citizens to make informed decisions and hold parties accountable.

Importance of Transparency in Political Party Activity

Transparency plays a crucial role in the functioning of political parties. It promotes accountability, trust, and public participation in the political process. By providing information about their activities, political parties allow citizens to assess their policies, ideologies, and performance. Transparency also helps prevent corruption and unethical practices by ensuring that party finances and operations are open to scrutiny.

Any citizen can obtain information about the activities of political parties through various channels. This includes accessing party websites, attending public events and meetings, reading party publications, and engaging with party representatives. Additionally, the media plays a significant role in disseminating information about political parties and their activities.

Connection to Political Party Participation in Elections

The norms established in Article 8 of the Federal Law "On Political Parties" are closely related to the participation of political parties in elections. By ensuring transparency, equality, and openness, these principles create a level playing field for political parties to compete in elections. They allow citizens to make informed choices based on the information provided by political parties and their candidates.

Political parties must adhere to the principles of voluntariness, equality, self-governance, legality, and transparency when participating in elections. This includes following electoral laws, submitting candidate lists, and providing information about their platforms and candidates to voters.

Examples of Political Party Activity in Elections

One example of political party activity in elections is the United Russia party in Russia. United Russia is the ruling party and has been actively involved in various elections, including presidential, parliamentary, and local elections. The party has a well-defined structure, programmatic goals, and a wide membership base. It has consistently participated in elections, fielding candidates and promoting its policies and agenda to voters.

Another example is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF). The CPRF is one of the major opposition parties in Russia and has a strong presence in the political landscape. It has participated in multiple elections, advocating for its socialist ideology and presenting candidates for various positions.

These examples demonstrate how political parties engage in election campaigns, mobilize their supporters, and compete for votes to influence the political landscape.