Question

Сходства и различия тоталитарного и авторитарного режима а) Наличие в государстве сильного военно-бюракратического аппарата б)применение массового террора в)преобладание государства над правом г)существование частичного плюраризма

Answer 1

A) Характерно и для Тот. и для Авт. режимов.
б) Массовый террор характерен для Тот. режима, как постоянное явление, Авт. государство может переходить к политике массового террора в кризисных ситуациях, например при угрозе государственного переворота.
в) Преобладание государства над правом чаще происходит в Тот. государствах, однако, даже Тот. режим вынужден поддерживать существование правовой системы, иначе управление государством становится невозможным.
г) Частичный плюрализм возможен в случае Авт. режимов и подавляется Тот. режимом.

Answer 2

Similarities and Differences Between Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes

Totalitarian Regime: A totalitarian regime is characterized by a single-party dictatorship that regulates every aspect of public and private life. It seeks to control all aspects of society, including the economy, culture, and education, and often employs propaganda and censorship to maintain power.

Authoritarian Regime: An authoritarian regime, on the other hand, is characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. While it also concentrates power in the hands of a few, it may allow for some degree of economic and social autonomy.

A) Presence of a Strong Military-Bureaucratic Apparatus

Similarity: Both totalitarian and authoritarian regimes often have a strong military-bureaucratic apparatus to maintain control and suppress dissent.

B) Use of Mass Terror

Difference: Totalitarian regimes are known for the widespread use of mass terror to instill fear and suppress opposition, often through state-sponsored violence and purges Authoritarian regimes may also use repression, but the scale and intensity of mass terror are typically less pronounced compared to totalitarian regimes.

C) Predominance of the State over Law

Similarity: In both types of regimes, the state tends to have a predominant influence over the legal system, using it as a tool to enforce its authority and suppress dissent.

D) Existence of Partial Pluralism

Difference: Authoritarian regimes may allow for some degree of partial pluralism, such as limited political competition or controlled opposition, to create an appearance of political diversity while maintaining the ruling party's dominance. Totalitarian regimes, however, seek to eliminate any form of pluralism and establish complete ideological conformity.

In summary, while both totalitarian and authoritarian regimes share certain characteristics, such as a strong military-bureaucratic apparatus and the predominance of the state over law, they differ in the extent of mass terror used and the allowance for partial pluralism within the political system.