Question

Виды безработицы их 4,сущность,и примеры!!

Answer 1

Фрикционная,структурная,институциональная,циклическая сезонная

Answer 2

Types of Unemployment

There are four main types of unemployment: frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal. Each type has its own characteristics and examples. Let's explore each type in more detail:

1. Frictional Unemployment

Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are temporarily unemployed while transitioning between jobs or entering the workforce for the first time. It is considered a natural part of the labor market as people search for better opportunities or match their skills with available jobs. Examples of frictional unemployment include recent graduates looking for their first job, individuals who voluntarily left their previous job, or those who were laid off and are actively seeking new employment.

2. Structural Unemployment

Structural unemployment arises from a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of workers and the requirements of available jobs. It occurs when there is a long-term change in the structure of an industry or the economy, rendering certain skills obsolete or in low demand. Structural unemployment can be caused by technological advancements, changes in consumer preferences, or shifts in global markets. For example, the decline of traditional manufacturing industries due to automation and outsourcing can lead to structural unemployment for workers with outdated skills.

3. Cyclical Unemployment

Cyclical unemployment is closely tied to the business cycle and occurs during economic downturns or recessions. It is caused by a decrease in aggregate demand, leading to reduced production and layoffs. Cyclical unemployment tends to rise during periods of economic contraction and decreases during periods of economic expansion. For instance, during the global financial crisis of 2008, many businesses faced declining demand and had to lay off workers, resulting in an increase in cyclical unemployment.

4. Seasonal Unemployment

Seasonal unemployment is directly related to seasonal variations in demand for certain goods or services. It occurs when industries or jobs are only available during specific times of the year. Examples include agricultural workers who are employed during harvest seasons, ski resort employees during the winter, or retail workers during holiday seasons. Seasonal unemployment is temporary in nature and individuals may seek alternative employment during off-season periods.

It's important to note that these types of unemployment can coexist and overlap in real-world situations. Additionally, the prevalence of each type can vary depending on the economic conditions and specific industries within a country or region.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.