Question

В чем сходство и различие мажоритарной и пропорциональной избирательных систем??

Answer 1

Пропорциональная- подразумевает голосование по партийным спискам. избирателям предлагается несколько списков, составленных в соответствии с партийной принадлежностью. избиратель отмечает списко той партии, которой симпатизирует. при подсчете голосов партии получают в парламенте количество мест, пропорциональных кол-ву поданных за них голосов. в МАЖОРИТАРНОЙ ЖЕ системе партия, победившая на выборах получает абсолютное большинство в парламенте. при такой системе партии могут не получить мест в парламенте.Различие так же в том, что пропорциоальная система действует в Италии, израиле, большинстве Латино-ам. стран, в России при выборе депутатов в Гос.Думу,а мажоритарная в Великобратании, Канаде, Индии.

Answer 2

Similarities and Differences Between Majoritarian and Proportional Electoral Systems

Similarities: - Both majoritarian and proportional electoral systems are used in democratic countries to elect representatives to legislative bodies.

Differences: - Majoritarian Electoral System: - In a majoritarian electoral system, the candidate who receives the most votes in a constituency wins the election. This system is also known as a "winner-takes-all" system. - It tends to favor larger political parties and can result in a majority government, where one party holds the majority of seats in the legislature. - Examples of majoritarian systems include the first-past-the-post system used in the United Kingdom and the United States' electoral college system.

- Proportional Electoral System: - In a proportional electoral system, the allocation of seats in the legislature is proportional to the number of votes received by each political party. This means that smaller parties have a better chance of being represented. - It often leads to coalition governments, where multiple parties work together to form a government, as no single party typically wins a majority of seats. - Examples of proportional systems include the party-list proportional representation used in many European countries and mixed-member proportional representation used in Germany and New Zealand.

In summary, while both majoritarian and proportional electoral systems are used to elect representatives, they differ in how votes are translated into seats and the potential outcomes in terms of government formation.