Question

Назовите изменения российской политической системы 20-начале 21 века. Что препятствует развитию демократии в России

Answer 1

1. Манифест 17 окт.1905. Введение парламентаризма и провозглашение прав и свобод человека, чего у нас никогда не было. 
2. После Окт.революции однопартийная система.
3. С 1992 года - многопартийность и двухпалатный парламент.

Мешает сам менталитет народа развитию демократии, ну не любит народ её.)

Answer 2

Changes in the Russian Political System in the 20th and early 21st centuries

The Russian political system has undergone significant changes in the 20th and early 21st centuries. Here are some key developments:

1. Transition from the Soviet Union to the Russian Federation: Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia transitioned from a communist regime to a democratic system. The new Russian Federation adopted a new constitution, which established a presidential system with a multi-party political structure.

2. Consolidation of Power under President Putin: Vladimir Putin became the President of Russia in 2000 and has since played a significant role in shaping the country's political system. During his tenure, there has been a consolidation of power in the executive branch, with a strong emphasis on centralization and control.

3. Changes in the Electoral System: Over the years, there have been changes to the electoral system in Russia. These changes have included the introduction of a mixed electoral system, which combines proportional representation with a majority system, and adjustments to the threshold for political parties to enter the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament.

4. Restrictions on Political Opposition: Critics argue that there have been increasing restrictions on political opposition in Russia. This includes limitations on the activities of opposition parties, restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly, and the harassment and imprisonment of political activists and journalists.

5. Control over Media: The Russian government has been accused of exerting control over the media, limiting the availability of independent and critical voices. This control has been achieved through various means, including state ownership of major media outlets, restrictions on foreign media ownership, and the use of legal and regulatory measures to suppress dissenting voices.

6. Centralization of Power: There has been a trend towards centralization of power in Russia, with the federal government exerting greater control over regional and local authorities. This has led to concerns about the erosion of democratic checks and balances and the concentration of power in the hands of the executive branch.

Obstacles to the Development of Democracy in Russia

Several factors have been identified as obstacles to the development of democracy in Russia. These include:

1. Weak Civil Society: The development of a strong and independent civil society is seen as crucial for the functioning of a healthy democracy. However, in Russia, civil society organizations face various challenges, including restrictive laws, limited funding opportunities, and government pressure.

2. Corruption: Corruption is a significant challenge in Russia and has been identified as a barrier to the development of democracy. Corruption undermines the rule of law, erodes public trust in institutions, and hampers the functioning of democratic processes.

3. Lack of Political Pluralism: Critics argue that there is a lack of genuine political pluralism in Russia, with limited space for opposition parties and independent voices. This limits the ability of citizens to participate in the political process and make informed choices.

4. Limited Media Freedom: The control exerted by the government over the media restricts the availability of diverse and independent sources of information. This limits the ability of citizens to access unbiased news and make informed political decisions.

5. Erosion of Checks and Balances: The centralization of power in Russia has led to concerns about the erosion of checks and balances. This includes the weakening of independent judiciary, limited oversight of executive actions, and the concentration of power in the hands of the president.

It is important to note that the assessment of the Russian political system and the obstacles to democracy is a complex and evolving topic. Different perspectives exist, and ongoing developments may impact the situation in the future.