Question

По статистике в РФ около 25% потребительских кредитов не возвращаются в срок. Почему банки в таких условиях продолжают кредитовать население? Что должен предпринять банк, чтобы обезопасить себя от невозврата кредита?

Answer 1

По большому счету, процент невозврата кредитов как таковой банку не сильно опасен. Потому как эта статистика закладывается в процент за пользование кредитом населению. Это лишь увеличивает процент окружающим. Кроме того, несвоевременный возврат - вещь неприятная, но не фатальная. Не вовремя или вообще невозвращенный кредит не отменяет обязательности его выплаты. У банков есть служба безопасности, есть процедура суда и есть коллекторские агенства, которым они перепродают такие кредиты. Человек не исчезает "с планеты Земля", а найти способы вернуть деньги - вопрос решаемый. Механизмы, позволяющие себя обезопасить банку применяются и так: в процент по кредиту закладываются все возможные риски, существует проверка данных человека (уровень дохода), поручительство, суд, коллекторские агентства, соужба безопасности.

Answer 2

Why do banks continue to lend to the population in conditions where around 25% of consumer loans in Russia are not repaid on time?

It is true that a significant percentage of consumer loans in Russia are not repaid on time. According to statistics, around 25% of these loans are not returned within the agreed-upon timeframe. This raises the question of why banks continue to lend to the population under such conditions.

One reason is that lending is a core business activity for banks. They earn profits by charging interest on the loans they provide. By lending to individuals and businesses, banks can generate income and support economic growth. Despite the risk of non-repayment, banks are willing to take on this risk in order to earn interest income.

Additionally, banks have various risk management strategies in place to mitigate the potential losses from non-repayment. These strategies include conducting thorough credit assessments, setting appropriate interest rates, and establishing collateral requirements. By carefully evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers and securing their loans with collateral, banks aim to minimize the risk of non-repayment.

Furthermore, banks have legal mechanisms at their disposal to recover unpaid loans. In the event of non-repayment, banks can take legal action to seize collateral or pursue other means of debt recovery. These mechanisms provide banks with a certain level of protection against non-repayment.

It is also worth noting that the 25% non-repayment rate mentioned in the question may not be representative of all banks or all types of loans in Russia. Different banks may have different risk appetites and lending criteria, which can affect their loan portfolio performance. Additionally, the non-repayment rate can vary depending on the type of loan, borrower profile, economic conditions, and other factors.

What can a bank do to protect itself from loan defaults?

To protect itself from loan defaults, a bank can take several measures:

1. Thorough credit assessment: Banks should conduct a comprehensive evaluation of a borrower's creditworthiness before approving a loan. This assessment typically includes reviewing the borrower's credit history, income stability, employment status, and other relevant factors. By carefully assessing the borrower's ability to repay the loan, banks can minimize the risk of default.

2. Setting appropriate interest rates: Banks should set interest rates that reflect the level of risk associated with the loan. Higher-risk borrowers may be charged higher interest rates to compensate for the increased likelihood of default. By pricing loans based on risk, banks can better protect themselves from potential defaults.

3. Establishing collateral requirements: Banks can require borrowers to provide collateral, such as property or other valuable assets, to secure the loan. In the event of non-repayment, the bank can seize the collateral to recover its losses. Collateral provides an additional layer of protection for the bank.

4. Implementing loan loss provisions: Banks should set aside funds as provisions for potential loan losses. These provisions act as a buffer to absorb any losses incurred from loan defaults. By maintaining adequate loan loss provisions, banks can mitigate the financial impact of non-repayment.

5. Monitoring and collection: Banks should closely monitor the repayment behavior of borrowers and take prompt action in case of delinquency. This may involve contacting the borrower, offering repayment assistance, or initiating legal proceedings if necessary. Timely collection efforts can help minimize losses and increase the chances of loan recovery.

6. Diversifying the loan portfolio: Banks can reduce their exposure to default risk by diversifying their loan portfolio. By lending to a diverse range of borrowers across different sectors and industries, banks can spread the risk and avoid over-concentration in any particular segment.

It is important to note that while these measures can help banks protect themselves from loan defaults, there is always a certain level of risk involved in lending. Banks must carefully balance the potential returns with the associated risks when making lending decisions.