Question

Какие законы были важнейшими в россии до принятия конституции в 1918г.?

Answer 1

Манифест 17 октября 1905 года.

Answer 2

Important Laws in Russia before the Adoption of the Constitution in 1918

Before the adoption of the Constitution in 1918, Russia had several important laws that shaped its legal system and governance. Here are some of the key laws:

1. The Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire (1906): The Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire were enacted in 1906 and served as the constitutional basis for the Russian Empire. They defined the structure of the government, the powers of the Emperor, and the rights and freedoms of the citizens. The Fundamental Laws established a constitutional monarchy in Russia, granting limited political rights to the people.

2. The Code of Laws of the Russian Empire (1832-1913): The Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, also known as the "Svod Zakonov," was a comprehensive legal code that governed various aspects of Russian life. It covered civil, criminal, administrative, and commercial laws, among others. The code underwent several revisions and updates during its existence, reflecting the changing needs of the Russian society.

3. The Statute of State Security (1881): The Statute of State Security, also known as the "Okhrannoye Otdeleniye," was a law enacted in 1881 that established the secret police force in Russia. The purpose of this law was to maintain political stability and suppress dissent. The secret police had extensive powers to monitor and control political activities, leading to widespread surveillance and repression.

4. The Emancipation Reform of 1861: The Emancipation Reform of 1861 was a significant law that abolished serfdom in Russia. It granted personal freedom to millions of serfs who were previously bound to the land and their landlords. However, the reform did not provide full equality to the former serfs, as they still faced various restrictions and obligations.

5. The Law on Zemstvos (1864): The Law on Zemstvos, enacted in 1864, established local self-government bodies known as zemstvos. Zemstvos were responsible for providing public services, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development, at the local level. They played a crucial role in improving the living conditions of the rural population and promoting local governance.

6. The Law on Judicial Reform (1864): The Law on Judicial Reform, also known as the "Judicial Statute," was implemented in 1864. It aimed to modernize and streamline the Russian judicial system. The reform introduced a hierarchy of courts, including district courts, provincial courts, and a court of cassation. It also established the principle of judicial independence and the right to a fair trial.

These are just a few examples of the important laws in Russia before the adoption of the Constitution in 1918. Each law played a significant role in shaping the legal and political landscape of the country during that period.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search result snippets and may not cover all the important laws in Russia before 1918.