Question

Помогите пожалуйста!!! 1) Дайте определения рынка, обмена и цены. 2) Как и почему происходит выравнивание цен на рынке? 3) Опишите принципы совершенной конкуренции. 4) Чем различается конкуренция покупателей, производителей и продавцов? 5) Какие разновидности рынков вы знаете? 6) Назовите две основные функции цены? 7) В каких литературных произведениях вам доводилось сталкиваться с экономическими явлениями. К примеру, чем, по вашему мнению, занимался Чичиков? Попробуй проанализировать его действия? 8) Вам приходилось бывать на базаре или оптовом рынке? Тогда вспомните, торговались ли по поводу цен? Если да, то каков итог и как это происходило? А если нет, то почему - стеснялись, не умели, считали ниже своего достоинства или не было нужды? Подумайте, о каких экономических законах развития рынка свидетельствует сама возможность торга? 9) Найдите и сформулируйте условия, необходимые для существования рынка? 10) Подумайте, как изменялся рынок с развитием человечества(с древнейших времен до наших дней).

Answer 1

А не судьба прочитать параграф?
Там все написанно -.-

Answer 2

Definitions of Market, Exchange, and Price

Market: A market is a place where buyers and sellers come together to engage in the exchange of goods and services. It can be physical, such as a traditional marketplace, or virtual, like an online platform.

Exchange: Exchange refers to the act of trading or swapping goods, services, or assets between two or more parties. It involves the transfer of ownership from one entity to another in return for something of value.

Price: Price is the amount of money, goods, or services that must be given up to acquire a specific good or service. It represents the value of a product or service in terms of money.

Equalization of Prices in the Market

The equalization of prices in the market occurs due to the forces of supply and demand. When the supply of a good or service exceeds the demand, prices tend to fall, and when demand exceeds supply, prices tend to rise. This process continues until the point where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied, resulting in an equilibrium price.

Principles of Perfect Competition

The principles of perfect competition include: 1. Homogeneous Products: All firms in the market produce identical products. 2. Perfect Information: Buyers and sellers have complete information about the market. 3. Free Entry and Exit: Firms can enter or exit the market without barriers. 4. Large Number of Buyers and Sellers: There are many buyers and sellers in the market, none of whom can influence the market price.

Different Types of Competition

- Competition Among Buyers: This occurs when multiple buyers compete to purchase a product or service, potentially driving up the price. - Competition Among Producers: Producers compete to offer the best quality and price for their products, aiming to attract more customers. - Competition Among Sellers: Sellers compete to offer the best value and attract buyers to their products or services.

Varieties of Markets

Various types of markets include: - Perfect Competition: Many small firms producing homogeneous products. - Monopoly: A single seller dominating the market. - Oligopoly: A market dominated by a few large firms. - Monopolistic Competition: Many firms selling differentiated products.

Two Main Functions of Price

The two main functions of price are: 1. Rationing Function: Prices allocate scarce resources to those who are willing and able to pay for them. 2. Signaling Function: Prices convey information about the relative scarcity of goods and services, guiding producers and consumers in their decision-making.

Literary Works Involving Economic Phenomena

Literary works often depict economic phenomena. For example, in Nikolai Gogol's "Dead Souls," the protagonist Chichikov engages in various economic activities, reflecting the economic and social conditions of the time. Chichikov's actions can be analyzed in the context of economic motives, social status, and ethical considerations.

Experience at the Market

Visiting a market or wholesale market often involves negotiations and discussions about prices. Buyers and sellers engage in haggling to reach a mutually acceptable price for goods or services. The outcome of these negotiations depends on various factors, including the bargaining skills of the parties involved and the perceived value of the items.

Conditions for the Existence of a Market

The conditions necessary for the existence of a market include: 1. Presence of Buyers and Sellers: A market requires both buyers and sellers. 2. Freedom of Entry and Exit: Participants should be able to enter or leave the market without restrictions. 3. Existence of Demand and Supply: There must be a demand for the goods or services being offered, along with a corresponding supply.

Evolution of Markets Throughout History

The market has evolved significantly throughout history, from ancient barter systems to modern global trade. With the advancement of civilization, markets have expanded in scope, complexity, and reach. The development of currency, trade routes, and technological innovations has transformed the nature of markets and the way goods and services are exchanged.