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Functions of the Soft Sign (мягкий знак)
The soft sign (мягкий знак) is a letter in the Russian alphabet that is represented by the symbol "ь". It does not have a sound of its own but affects the pronunciation of the preceding consonant. The soft sign has several functions in the Russian language, which are outlined below:
1. Palatalization of Consonants: One of the main functions of the soft sign is to indicate palatalization of the preceding consonant. Palatalization refers to the change in pronunciation of a consonant when it is followed by a soft vowel. The soft sign softens the preceding consonant and makes it palatalized. For example, the word "мать" (mother) is pronounced with a soft "т" sound because of the soft sign.
2. Indication of Gender and Number: The soft sign is also used to indicate the gender and number of nouns and adjectives in Russian. In some cases, the presence of a soft sign can determine the gender and number of a word. For example, the word "девочка" (girl) has a soft sign at the end, indicating that it is a feminine singular noun.
3. Differentiation of Homonyms: The soft sign is used to differentiate between homonyms in Russian. Homonyms are words that have the same spelling but different meanings. The presence or absence of a soft sign can change the meaning of a word. For example, the word "был" (was) and "быль" (reed) are homonyms, but the soft sign in "быль" distinguishes it from "был".
4. Verb Inflection: The soft sign is also used in verb inflection to indicate the third person singular form of the past tense. In this case, the soft sign is added to the stem of the verb. For example


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