Question

Что такое морфема? Чем форма слов отличается от однокоренных слов? приведите примеры. Очень нужно помогите плиз.

Answer 1

МОРФЕ́МАВ грамматике: значимая часть слова (корень, приставка, суффикс).
У однокоренных слов меняется лексическое значение, а у форм слова меняется грамматическое значение.
Например: лес - лесок, перелесок, лесник - однокоренные слова.
Лес - леса, лесу, лесом, о лесе - формы одного и того же слова.

Answer 2

What is a morpheme?

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language. It is a combination of sounds that carries meaning and cannot be further divided into smaller meaningful units. Morphemes can be individual words or parts of words, such as prefixes, suffixes, and roots. They are the building blocks of words and play a crucial role in understanding the structure and meaning of language.

How does the form of words differ from cognate words?

The form of words refers to their specific grammatical and phonetic characteristics, such as their inflectional endings, word order, and pronunciation. Cognate words, on the other hand, are words that have a common origin and share similar meanings across different languages. While the form of words can vary within a language due to grammatical rules and phonetic changes, cognate words maintain their similarity in meaning across languages.

For example, let's consider the English word "sing" and its cognate word in German, "singen." Both words have a similar meaning, which is to produce musical sounds with the voice. However, the form of the words differs due to the grammatical rules and phonetic changes in each language.

Examples:

1. Morpheme: In the word "unhappiness," there are three morphemes: "un-" (a prefix meaning "not"), "happy" (a root meaning "feeling or showing pleasure"), and "-ness" (a suffix indicating a state or quality). Each morpheme contributes to the overall meaning of the word.

2. Form of words: In English, the form of words can change based on grammatical rules. For example, the verb "to be" has different forms such as "am," "is," "are," "was," and "were" depending on the subject and tense of the sentence. These different forms indicate the grammatical features of the verb.

3. Cognate words: The English word "mother" and the Spanish word "madre" are cognates. Both words have a similar meaning, referring to a female parent. Despite some differences in pronunciation and spelling, the shared meaning indicates their common origin.

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